{"id":65139,"date":"2002-06-20T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2002-06-20T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/2002\/06\/20\/solidarite-new-look\/"},"modified":"2002-06-20T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2002-06-20T00:00:00","slug":"solidarite-new-look","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/2002\/06\/20\/solidarite-new-look\/","title":{"rendered":"Solidarit\u00e9 <em>new-look<\/em>"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><h2 class=\"common-article\">Solidarit\u00e9 <em>new-look<\/em><\/h2>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t20 juin 2002  Cette interview vaut un petit d\u00e9tour,  malheureusement, serions-nous tent\u00e9s d&rsquo;ajouter, ou, dans tous les cas, avec une triste nostalgie, en souvenir des bons vieux jours h\u00e9ro\u00efques de 1980-81. Il s&rsquo;agit de quelques questions pos\u00e9es par le site <em>Wired News<\/em> \u00e0 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.wired.com\/news\/politics\/0,1283,53299,00.html?tw=wn_ascii\" class=\"gen\">Lech Walesa,<\/a> l&rsquo;ancien contrema\u00eetre des chantiers de Gdansk, l&rsquo;ancien chef de <em>Solidarnosc<\/em>, l&rsquo;ancien pr\u00e9sident de Pologne. L&rsquo;interview est centr\u00e9e sur la question des technologies mais les r\u00e9ponses ont une valeur politique incontestable.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tLech Walesa s&rsquo;est parfaitement int\u00e9gr\u00e9 dans le \u00a0\u00bbcircuit\u00a0\u00bb, disons dans le grand courant globalisant o\u00f9 \u00e9voluent les personnalit\u00e9s tous terrains de notre soci\u00e9t\u00e9 globalis\u00e9e. Walesa s&rsquo;affiche comme partisan des technologies de la communication, comme administrateur d&rsquo;une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 <em>hich tech<\/em>, comme imperturbable soutien de la politique am\u00e9ricaine, des int\u00e9r\u00eats am\u00e9ricains et des conceptions am\u00e9ricaines, tout cela selon l&rsquo;appr\u00e9ciation bien comprise que cette orientation g\u00e9n\u00e9rale rencontre \u00e9videmment la logique de la globalisation.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tTout de m\u00eame, il faut porter son attention sur trois passages, plus int\u00e9ressants et\/ou croustillants que le reste.  <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00a0D&rsquo;abord, soyons s\u00e9rieux. A la question de savoir dans quelle mesure la technologie des communications joua un r\u00f4le dans la chute du communisme, Walesa r\u00e9pond par l&rsquo;affirmative, avec quelques pr\u00e9cisions. Cette interpr\u00e9tation est juste. (Les d\u00e9g\u00e2ts faits \u00e0 l&rsquo;URSS par les JO de Moscou, o\u00f9 le KGB fut oblig\u00e9 d&rsquo;autoriser l&rsquo;usage extensif des machines duplicatrices comme la photocopieuses et diverses autres machines de communication joua un r\u00f4le important dans la pr\u00e9paration de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 sovi\u00e9tique aux r\u00e9formes de Gorbatchev, qui poursuivirent et accentu\u00e8rent la lib\u00e9ralisation.) Cet aspect des rapports est-ouest est certainement un facteur puissant dans l&rsquo;effondrement de l&rsquo;URSS. G\u00e9n\u00e9ralement admise, l&rsquo;interpr\u00e9tation n&rsquo;est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement pas pouss\u00e9e \u00e0 son terme car elle devient alors embarrassante pour l&rsquo;histoire officielle US (Walesa devrait s&rsquo;en aviser). Celle-ci tient pour une \u00e9vidence que l&rsquo;explication exclusive de l&rsquo;effondrement de l&rsquo;URSS est le renforcement militaire US, qui obligea l&rsquo;URSS \u00e0 tenter de suivre jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9puisement \u00e9conomique. Voici la r\u00e9ponse de Walesa :<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tWired News:  \u00ab<em>You&rsquo;ve mentioned in past interviews that technology helped topple communism in Poland. Could you be more specific?<\/em>\u00bb <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tWalesa: \u00ab<em>Communism is a monopolistic system, economically and politically. The system suppresses individual initiative, and the 21st century is all about individualism and freedom. The development of technology supported these directions. When I was fighting communism, there was rapid development of satellite television and cell phones, and communism, to survive, would have to block all these information devices.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb<em>To control the free flow of information, the Communists would have to increase the secret police by a factor of four. It would be a huge effort for police to control the channels you get on TV or the phone numbers you are allowed to dial. So technology helped end communism by bringing in information from the outside. It was possible to get news from independent sources; stations like the BBC (British Broadcasting System) and VOA (Voice of America) were beyond government control. During &rsquo;50s and &rsquo;60s, the Communist government put people accused of listening to these stations in prison.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb<em>Only the minister of Internal Affairs was allowed to issue permits to get satellite TV, and clearly anyone against communism wouldn&rsquo;t get permission. Any equipment connected to processing information, even typewriters and copy machines, had to be registered at police stations.<\/em>\u00bb<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00a0Walesa est interrog\u00e9 sur Cuba. Que pense-t-il du communisme cubain? Bien s\u00fbr, la chose est diabolique, r\u00e9pond-il avec entrain. A part, les entra\u00eenantes exhortations \u00e0 l&rsquo;effondrement de la dictature cubaine, un d\u00e9tail de la r\u00e9ponse vaut le d\u00e9placement :  \u00ab <em>Cuba is one of the final countries in which communism is still alive. Their system is based on the same system that we had in Central Europe 20 years ago. Clearly Cuba has some advantages over Central Europe at the time because it is closer to the U.S. But communism in Cuba will collapse sooner or later because you can&rsquo;t control the free flow of information.<\/em> \u00bb<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tCe qui nous arr\u00eate, nous l&rsquo;avouons, c&rsquo;est le d\u00e9tail sur la proximit\u00e9 de Cuba et des USA. Cela est sans grande cons\u00e9quence sinon pour l&rsquo;hypoth\u00e8se que l&rsquo;air m\u00eame de la proximit\u00e9 des US doit \u00eatre porteur de libert\u00e9 et autres \u00a0\u00bbvaleurs occidentales\u00a0\u00bb. c&rsquo;est pratique. D&rsquo;un autre c\u00f4t\u00e9, avec sa r\u00e9ponse pleine de z\u00e8le, Walesa ne nous dit rien d&rsquo;autre que ceci : l&#8217;embargo, surtout lorsqu&rsquo;il est maintenu sur un demi-si\u00e8cle comme c&rsquo;est le cas des USA contre Cuba, est quelque chose qui conserve. C&rsquo;est \u00e0 retenir.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00a0Enfin, nous devons nous arr\u00eater \u00e0 une des r\u00e9ponses de Walesa, \u00e0 lire dans son entier tant elle nous para\u00eet exemplaire. La r\u00e9ponse est sympathique dans son conformisme frais \u00e9moulu, dans son alignement sans faille, dans sa logique approbatricec de la Ligne du parti. Sympathique et ironique : Walesa pourrait r\u00e9pondre exactement la m\u00eame chose \u00e0 propos du r\u00e9gime capitaliste et de ses agissements de surveillance des citoyens s&rsquo;il se trouvait encore sous surveillance communiste. Doit-on supposer qu&rsquo;il se trouve sous surveillance capitaliste ? Vu sa position d&rsquo;administrateur \u00e0 NuTech Solutions, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 tout ce qu&rsquo;il y a de capitaliste (soci\u00e9t\u00e9 US fond\u00e9e par un citoyen US d&rsquo;origine polonaise), il s&rsquo;agirait d&rsquo;une surveillance sophistiqu\u00e9e, c&rsquo;est-\u00e0-dire une auto-surveillance. Le petit contrema\u00eetre de Gdansk a appris \u00e0 marcher droit et \u00e0 ne pas faire un pli.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tQuoiqu&rsquo;il en soit, faites l&rsquo;essai : dans sa r\u00e9ponse ci-dessous, remplacez dans la derni\u00e8re phrase \u00ab <em>Communism<\/em> \u00bb par \u00ab <em>Capitalism<\/em> \u00bb. Vous verrez, \u00e7a tient la route.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tWN: \u00ab<em>Do you believe that the use of technology  such as Carnivore or Echelon  by democratic governments to spy on personal communications is any worse than totalitarian attempts to do the same?<\/em>\u00bb<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tWalesa: \u00ab<em>I believe that any violation of privacy is nothing good. But on the other hand, the government is responsible for the safety of the citizens of the country, so it has to protect them. I would distinguish between spying on the people in general and using the newest technologies to spy on the concrete people, or groups of people who might be dangerous for the society  the society, not for the government, as the regime of the country. I strongly believe this is the situation we are facing in the democratic countries; that is why it is different from the Communist approach.<\/em>\u00bb<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t[A ce point de quitter nos lecteurs, nous avons une h\u00e9sitation : les intervieweurs de <em>Wired News<\/em> manieraient-ils l&rsquo;ironie? Sinon, c&rsquo;est bien imit\u00e9. Qu&rsquo;on en juge : entre la question sur <em>Echelon<\/em> et <em>Carnivore<\/em> pos\u00e9e au philosophe Walesa et la r\u00e9ponse en papier m\u00e2ch\u00e9 du philosophe, <em>Wired New<\/em> a intercal\u00e9 cet avis : \u00ab <em>(At this point in the interview, the phone went dead and immediate attempts to call Walesa back were unsuccessful. His subsequent answers were sent by e-mail)<\/em> \u00bb Comme si <em>Echelon<\/em> ou <em>Carnivore<\/em> \u00e9taient intervenus (comme si Walesa avait \u00e9prouv\u00e9 le besoin de consulter les augures).]<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Solidarit\u00e9 new-look 20 juin 2002 Cette interview vaut un petit d\u00e9tour, malheureusement, serions-nous tent\u00e9s d&rsquo;ajouter, ou, dans tous les cas, avec une triste nostalgie, en souvenir des bons vieux jours h\u00e9ro\u00efques de 1980-81. Il s&rsquo;agit de quelques questions pos\u00e9es par le site Wired News \u00e0 Lech Walesa, l&rsquo;ancien contrema\u00eetre des chantiers de Gdansk, l&rsquo;ancien chef&hellip;&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[3429,3428,2827,3427],"class_list":["post-65139","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-faits-et-commentaires","tag-carnivore","tag-echelon","tag-pologne","tag-walesa"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65139","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=65139"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65139\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=65139"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=65139"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=65139"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}