17 octobre 2002 — Aux USA, Hollywood est important, d’un point de vue politique \u00e9galement. Hollywood est un aspect essentiel, et de la politique d'\u00a0\u00bbam\u00e9ricanisation\u00a0\u00bb du monde, et, \u00e9ventuellement, le lieu paradoxal de quelques foyers de r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 cette politique qui ont ainsi le moyen de se faire entendre. Dans la crise actuelle, Hollywood tient sa place. (Certes, par Hollywood, on l’a compris, nous entendons : le cin\u00e9ma am\u00e9ricain et, d’une fa\u00e7on plus large, tout le monde du spectacle [entertainment<\/em>].).<\/p>\n<\/p>\n Aujourd’hui, nous avons rassembl\u00e9 quelques manifestations de personnalit\u00e9s de Hollywood\/de l’entertainment<\/em> US par rapport \u00e0 la politique de GW, — c’est-\u00e0-dire contre elle, car ce sont les seules manifestations int\u00e9ressantes. De l’autre c\u00f4t\u00e9, il n’y a pas pour l’essentiel le Hollywood partisan de GW mais le Hollywood conformiste, qui comprend notamment un pourcentage non n\u00e9gligeable de gens d\u00e9favorables \u00e0 la politique de GW mais qui n’osent prendre le risque de le dire. Toute manifestation de dissidence \u00e0 Hollywood et dans le domaine qui l’englobe est int\u00e9ressante comme un fait politique et un fait culturel tout autant : elle signifie un acte de r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 la grande tendance conformiste d’acquiescement au pouvoir en place, cette tendance conformiste \u00e9tant d\u00e9sormais pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e comme une v\u00e9ritable id\u00e9ologie.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n Voici plusieurs faits r\u00e9cents.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n Le cas le plus r\u00e9cent est aussi le plus significatif. Il concerne Harry Belafonte. On connaît Belafonte, chanteur et acteur, l’un des premiers Noirs \u00e0 r\u00e9ussir dans l’entertainment<\/em> multiracial (l’entertainment<\/em> blanc dans lequel des Noirs sont admis, qui a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 se d\u00e9velopper \u00e0 partir des ann\u00e9es 1950) ; et, notamment, l’un des premiers Noirs \u00e0 r\u00e9ussir quelques incursions \u00e0 Hollywood en tant qu’acteur \u00e0 part enti\u00e8re.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n Belafonte a dû en passer par bien des exigences. Il souvent a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9, y compris par ses \u00ab\u00a0fr\u00e8res de couleur\u00a0\u00bb comme plut\u00f4t proche du \u00ab\u00a0bon Noir\u00a0\u00bb, le Noir qui s’inc\u00e8re dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 blanche sans la contester, sans la remettre en question, et en servant \u00e0 cette soci\u00e9t\u00e9 d’alibi pour se d\u00e9fausser du racisme g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, — le Noir \u00ab\u00a0bon chic bon genre\u00a0\u00bb, \u00e0 qui un Blanc pourrait un jour songer \u00e0 donner sa fille. Il est de la g\u00e9n\u00e9ration d’un Sidney Poitier, autre acteur noir de la m\u00eame cat\u00e9gorie. Certes, Belafonte a fait partie des soutiens au mouvement des droits civiques dans les ann\u00e9es 1960, mais plut\u00f4t dans la fraction lib\u00e9rale de l’establishment<\/em>, en se tenant \u00e0 distance des radicaux type Malcolm X et m\u00eame le Martin Luther King des deux derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es (avant son assassinat en 1968). En un mot, Belafonte est rest\u00e9 un \u00ab\u00a0mod\u00e9r\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb dans le mouvement noir. Ses paroles en sont d’autant plus significatives.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n La semaine derni\u00e8re, Belafonte a violemment attaqu\u00e9 Powell et Rice, en les traitant de « house slave in the Bush administration<\/em> ». Ci-dessous, on lit les explications d\u00e9taill\u00e9es de Belafonte mais on comprend le sens de l’expression : esclave \u00ab\u00a0collaborateur\u00a0\u00bb si l’on veut, qui est admis dans la maison du maître en r\u00e9compense et participe \u00ab\u00a0objectivement\u00a0\u00bb \u00e0 la bonne marche du syst\u00e8me esclavagiste. Powell a r\u00e9agi avec vigueur, mais avec prudence aussi, en prenant garde de ne jamais mettre en cause Belafonte (on voit une partie de sa r\u00e9action ci-dessous). Enfin, dernier \u00e9pisode, Belafonte maintient son jugement tout en s’en expliquant et en se d\u00e9gageant de toute accusation de mettre Powell en cause (et Rice, mais Rice ne r\u00e9agit pas dans cette affaire).<\/p>\n<\/p>\n L’important dans cette passe d’armes, est qu’il s’agit de deux Noirs mod\u00e9r\u00e9s ou, dans tous, les cas, des non-radicaux qui sont dans l’establishment<\/em> ; que l’un de ces deux Noirs mod\u00e9r\u00e9s attaque pourtant l’autre sur la question de la race, impliquant qu’il y a un devoir de la communaut\u00e9 noire \u00e0 s’opposer \u00e0 la politique de GW ; que l’autre r\u00e9agit avec une vivacit\u00e9 remarquable, montant qu’il l’est touch\u00e9, — et il l’est effectivement, Powell, car il sait bien que certaines des tensions existant au sein de l’administration où il se trouve ont des connotations raciales, que certaines des attaques port\u00e9es contre lui par ses adversaires \u00e0 l’int\u00e9rieur de l’administration s’appuient notamment sur des appr\u00e9ciations racistes \u00e0 son encontre.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n Au-del\u00e0, c’est la question du comportement des Noirs (Africains-Am\u00e9ricains) dans la crise actuelle qui est pos\u00e9e. Avec le 11 septembre, beaucoup de Noirs se sont ralli\u00e9s \u00e0 GW au nom d’une solidarit\u00e9 nationale, donnant ainsi l’impression d’une r\u00e9solution du probl\u00e8me racial. Cette impression est certes erron\u00e9e. Le probl\u00e8me racial reste pos\u00e9 et, la crise durant, la politique GW \u00e9tant de plus en plus contest\u00e9e, le probl\u00e8me racial restant pos\u00e9, apparaît l’interrogation grandissante du comportement des Noirs. La pol\u00e9mique Belafonte-Powell en est une bonne illustration.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n Ci-apr\u00e8s, extraits de la d\u00e9p\u00eache de CNN concernant cette question<\/a>, d\u00e9p\u00eache en date du 15 octobre.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n « Belafonte won’t back down from Powell slave reference<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n » Singer Harry Belafonte on Tuesday refused to back down from his remarks last week likening Secretary of State Colin Powell to a house slave in the Bush administration, saying his problems are not with the man but with the policies Powell is supporting. \u00ab\u00a0I like Colin Powell, I like his West Indian background, I like his intellect, I like a lot of things that he does and his style. What is at fault here is a policy that’s taking this country to hell,\u00a0\u00bb Belafonte said on CNN’s Larry King Live, referencing the Bush administration’s push to go to war with Iraq.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n » In an interview on San Diego radio station KFMB-AM last Tuesday, Belafonte compared Powell to a plantation slave who moves into the slave owner’s house and says only things that will please his master. \u00ab\u00a0There’s an old saying,\u00a0\u00bb Belafonte said in that interview. \u00ab\u00a0In the days of slavery, there were those slaves who lived on the plantation and there were those slaves that lived in the house. You got the privilege of living in the house if you served the master … exactly the way the master intended to have you serve him.\u00a0\u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n » Powell last week called the comments \u00ab\u00a0unfortunate\u00a0\u00bb and said he is \u00ab\u00a0proud to be serving\u00a0\u00bb his nation and his president. \u00ab\u00a0I think it’s unfortunate that Harry used that characterization,\u00a0\u00bb Powell told Larry King Live last Tuesday. \u00ab\u00a0If Harry had wanted to attack my politics, that was fine. If he wanted to attack a particular position I hold, that was fine. But to use a slave reference, I think, is unfortunate and is a throwback to another time and another place that I wish Harry had thought twice about using.\u00a0\u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n » Belafonte said he was happy to have the chance to put his remarks in context but said he doesn’t regret making them. \u00ab\u00a0This was never meant to be a personal attack on Colin Powell’s character,\u00a0\u00bb he said. \u00ab\u00a0What it was meant to be was an attack on policy, and the reference, the metaphor used about slavery is part of my personal feeling that plantations exist all over America.\u00a0\u00bb The singer said he doesn’t believe Powell agrees wholeheartedly with the Bush administration’s position on Iraq, judging from his earlier comments that the dispute over Baghdad’s weapons program should go through the United Nations, and he called the secretary a \u00ab\u00a0sell-out.\u00a0\u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n » Belafonte said his views also apply to National Security Adviser Condoleezza Rice, although, he said, he has never heard her step out of line with the administration’s views. He called upon Powell and Rice and other black people in positions of power to use their platforms \u00ab\u00a0to speak out about the ill-advised policies\u00a0\u00bb of the Bush administration.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n » \u00ab\u00a0The idea that you work in the house of the master is almost in itself its own opportunity to do some mischief and make a difference, but when you are in that place and you help perpetuate the master’s policy that perpetuates oppression and pain for many others, then something has to be said about it,\u00a0\u00bb Belafonte said. \u00ab\u00a0And the master in this instance, of course, was the president of the United States.\u00a0\u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n » The singer said he opposes a war against Iraq unless such action were deemed necessary by the United Nations. \u00ab\u00a0Go through the United Nations and follow the counsels and principles of the international community,\u00a0\u00bb he said. \u00ab\u00a0Stop bullying the world.\u00a0\u00bb<\/em> »<\/p>\n<\/p>\n Couple c\u00e9l\u00e8bre du cin\u00e9ma am\u00e9ricain, l’actrice Susan Sarandon et le r\u00e9alisateur-acteur Tim Robbins ont l’habitude de la contestation. Pendant quelques mois apr\u00e8s 9\/11, ils sont rest\u00e9s relativement discrets, confront\u00e9s \u00e0 l’obligation de respecter une solidarit\u00e9 nationale apr\u00e8s l’attaque. Depuis quelques semaines, ils devenus beaucoup plus actifs, c’est-\u00e0-dire activistes. On les a notamment vus et entendus lors d’une manifestation, \u00e0 New York le 6 octobre<\/a>, qui a rassembl\u00e9 plus de 20.000 personnes.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n « Actress Susan Sarandon, who gave one of the main speeches from the platform, declared: \u00ab\u00a0Bush says you’re either with us or against us. I don’t know who ‘us’ is. I say to Mr. Bush — this is what democracy looks like. We will not give our daughters and sons for a war for oil.\u00a0\u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n » Actor and director Tim Robbins, declaring himself an opponent of \u00ab\u00a0fundamentalism of all kinds,\u00a0\u00bb added, \u00ab\u00a0What is our fundamentalism? It is cloaked with patriotism and the claim to spread democracy around the world…. Our fundamentalism is business. Our resistance to this fundamentalism must be resistance to profits against life, to the business of diverting attention from Enron and Halliburton.\u00a0\u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n » Sarandon called on those present to pressure the Democrats in Congress to oppose Bush. \u00ab\u00a0There are some people still functioning in the government,\u00a0\u00bb said Sarandon. \u00ab\u00a0We must support them, particularly (West Virginia Democratic Senator) Robert Byrd.\u00a0\u00bb She gave the phone number of the Capitol Hill switchboard and urged people to call those Senators \u00ab\u00a0who look as though they might have the courage\u00a0\u00bb to oppose Bush.<\/em> »<\/p>\n<\/p>\n L’actrice Jessica Lange est un produit discret de la contestation hollywoodienne ; elle l’est plus par sa personnalit\u00e9 ind\u00e9pendante et les distances qu’elle maintien avec le syst\u00e8me que par ses activit\u00e9s. Psychologiquement, Jessica Lange se tient \u00e0 part du syst\u00e8me, y compris \u00e0 part de sa contestation spectaculaire. Il faut croire que ce qui se passe depuis 9\/11 tend \u00e0 la faire sortir de ses gonds. Ses d\u00e9clarations, \u00e0 la fin de septembre, \u00e0 San Sebastian où elle venait recevoir une distinction pour sa carri\u00e8re, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 remarquables par leur duret\u00e9. (Rapport selon l’agence Sapa-DPA)<\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n « The 53-year-old Oscar-winning US actress Jessica Lange lambasted the US government at a press conference at the San Sebastian film festival, where she received a lifetime achievement award. \u00ab\u00a0What Bush intends to do with Iraq is unconstitutional, immoral and illegal,\u00a0\u00bb Lange was quoted as saying. \u00ab\u00a0I hate Bush. I despise him and his entire administration — not only because of its international policy, but also the national. Today it makes me feel ashamed to come from the United States —it is humiliating.\u00a0\u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n » \u00ab\u00a0Bush stole the elections and since then we have all been suffering the consequences. The Iraq plan is absolutely mad, but what I do not understand is that nobody tries to stop it — neither inside nor outside the United States,\u00a0\u00bb the actress added. \u00ab\u00a0The atmosphere in my country is poisonous, intolerable for those of us who are not right-wing, so thank you for inviting me to this festival and allowing me to get out for a few days,\u00a0\u00bb Lange said on receiving the Donostia Prize, presented by Spanish actor Jose Coronado. She also slammed Hollywood and said she preferred to work in Europe.<\/em> »<\/p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Contestation USA 17 octobre 2002 — Aux USA, Hollywood est important, d’un point de vue politique \u00e9galement. Hollywood est un aspect essentiel, et de la politique d’\u00a0\u00bbam\u00e9ricanisation\u00a0\u00bb du monde, et, \u00e9ventuellement, le lieu paradoxal de quelques foyers de r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 cette politique qui ont ainsi le moyen de se faire entendre. Dans la crise actuelle,… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[3654,3371,3657,1391,3656,3655],"class_list":["post-65294","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-faits-et-commentaires","tag-belafonte","tag-hollywood","tag-lange","tag-powell","tag-robbins","tag-sarandon"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65294","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=65294"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65294\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=65294"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=65294"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=65294"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Harry Belafonte contre Powell et Rice<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
Sarandon et Robbins devant 20.000 personnes<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
Échos de San Sebastian, avec quelques mots de Jessica Lange<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n