{"id":65339,"date":"2002-11-15T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2002-11-15T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/2002\/11\/15\/et-voici-orwellgate\/"},"modified":"2002-11-15T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2002-11-15T00:00:00","slug":"et-voici-orwellgate","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/2002\/11\/15\/et-voici-orwellgate\/","title":{"rendered":"Et voici Orwellgate<\/em><\/strong>"},"content":{"rendered":"

Et voici Orwellgate<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\t15 novembre 2002 Le Washington Post<\/em> du 12 novembre annonce un grand et vaste projet de computerization du monde<\/a>. Il s’agit d’un syst\u00e8me g\u00e9ant d’ordinateurs, ou un syst\u00e8me d’ordinateurs g\u00e9ants (on h\u00e9site sur les termes) qui serait capable de donner acc\u00e8s, selon les termes employ\u00e9s, \u00ab to personal information in government and commercial databases around the world<\/em> \u00bb. La chose n’est pas express\u00e9ment explicit\u00e9e mais sous-entendue ici et l\u00e0, et, de toutes les fa\u00e7ons, on dirait que cela va de soi : cette \u00e9coute sera n\u00e9cessairement clandestine et non autoris\u00e9e. Ce syst\u00e8me sera une sorte de super-\u00c9chelon<\/em> par ordinateurs, qui fonctionnerait globalement, aux USA et dans le reste du monde.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\tCelui qui propose ce syst\u00e8me est l’amiral Pointdexter, un des acteurs centraux de l’Irangate<\/em> des ann\u00e9es 1985-87, le scandale majeur de l’administration Reagan. Inculp\u00e9, jug\u00e9 et condamn\u00e9, Pointdexter a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 finalement \u00e0 la prison apr\u00e8s une d\u00e9cision en appel (\u00ab The U.S. Court of Appeals overturned that conviction in 1991, saying Poindexter’s rights had been violated through the use of testimony he had given to Congress after being granted immunity<\/em> \u00bb). Pointdexter, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ses r\u00e9seaux dans la communaut\u00e9 de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale, s’est bien r\u00e9tabli en se reconvertissant dans un domaine lucratif, puis, derni\u00e8rement, dans ce projet qui lui assure autour de $200 millions d’investissements du DoD (DARPA) par an et qui lui vaut le contr\u00f4le d’un nouveau service, le Information Awareness Office<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\t\u00bb The Information Awareness Office, run by former national security adviser John M. Poindexter, aims to develop new technologies to sift through \u00a0\u00bbultra-large\u00a0\u00bb data warehouses and networked computers in search of threatening patterns among everyday transactions, such as credit card purchases and travel reservations, according to interviews and documents.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00bb Authorities already have access to a wealth of information about individual terrorists, but they typically have to obtain court approval in the United States or make laborious diplomatic and intelligence efforts overseas. The system proposed by Poindexter and funded by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) at about $200 million a year, would be able to sweep up and analyze data in a much more systematic way. It would provide a more detailed look at data than the super-secret National Security Agency now has, the former Navy admiral said.<\/em> <\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00ab \u00a0\u00bbHow are we going to find terrorists and preempt them, except by following their trail,\u00a0\u00bb said Poindexter, who brought the idea to the Pentagon after the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks and now is beginning to award contracts to high-technology vendors. \u00a0\u00bbThe problem is much more complex, I believe, than we’ve faced before,\u00a0\u00bb he said. \u00a0\u00bbIt’s how do we harness with technology the street smarts of people on the ground, on a global scale.\u00a0\u00bb<\/em> \u00bb<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\tLe syst\u00e8me Pointdexter, qui repr\u00e9sente par ailleurs l’aboutissement d’un cas classique de reconversion du militaire au business<\/em> \u00e0 l’int\u00e9rieur du complexe militaro-industriel, est un signe de plus du d\u00e9sarroi am\u00e9ricain, et de la fa\u00e7on dont ce d\u00e9sarroi profite aux affaires. Le renseignement am\u00e9ricain est d\u00e9j\u00e0 satur\u00e9 d’informations, de donn\u00e9es, de mat\u00e9riels divers, provenant d’agence type-NSA et de syst\u00e8mes type-\u00c9chelon<\/em>. Le syst\u00e8me Pointdexter en rajoute dans une mesure gigantesque, garantissant au moins une chose : l’aggravation de la noyade du renseignement US sous le poids des informations et des donn\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\tPour le reste, il sera n\u00e9anmoins pris tr\u00e8s au s\u00e9rieux, comme une menace majeure, au moins pour deux domaines :<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t• Les alli\u00e9s, essentiellement europ\u00e9ens, qui se voient \u00e0 nouveau plac\u00e9s dans l’objectif d’un syst\u00e8me d’\u00e9coute et de piratage organis\u00e9 et institutionnalis\u00e9 sur la plus grande \u00e9chelle possible. Les Europ\u00e9ens ont laiss\u00e9 passer l’affaire \u00c9chelon<\/em> sans trop insister. Cette fois-ci, l’inertie et la passivit\u00e9 seront plus difficiles.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t• Le domaine int\u00e9rieur am\u00e9ricain et, d’une fa\u00e7on g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, le domaine des libert\u00e9s civiles. Le syst\u00e8me Pointdexter ressemble \u00e0 s’y m\u00e9prendre \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me orwellien, dans la mesure o\u00f9 rien (cartes bancaires, donn\u00e9es personnelles, etc) ne doit \u00e9chapper \u00e0 son contr\u00f4le. Effectivement, le mot est aussit\u00f4t venu \u00e0 la bouche de ceux qui ont accueilli le syst\u00e8me Pointdexter d’un point de vue critique, ou simplement sceptique.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\t\u00ab Some specialists question whether the technology Poindexter envisions is even feasible, given the immense amount of data it would handle. Others question whether it is diplomatically possible, given the sensitivities about privacy around the world. But many agree, if implemented as planned, it probably would be the largest data-surveillance system ever built.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00bb Paul Werbos, a computing and artificial-intelligence specialist at the National Science Foundation, doubted whether such \u00a0\u00bbappliances\u00a0\u00bb can be calibrated to adequately filter out details about innocent people that should not be in the hands of the government. \u00a0\u00bbBy definition, they’re going to send highly sensitive, private personal data,\u00a0\u00bb he said. \u00a0\u00bbHow many innocent people are going to get falsely pinged? How many terrorists are going to slip through?\u00a0\u00bb<\/em> <\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00bb Former senator Gary Hart (D-Colo.), a member of the U.S. Commission on National Security\/21st Century, said there’s no question about the need to use data more effectively. But he criticized the scope of Poindexter’s program, saying it is \u00a0\u00bbtotal overkill of intelligence\u00a0\u00bb and a potentially \u00a0\u00bbhuge waste of money.\u00a0\u00bb \u00a0\u00bbThere’s an Orwellian concept if I’ve ever heard one,\u00a0\u00bb Hart said when told about the program.<\/em> \u00bb<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\tPointdexter et son projet sont \u00e9galement mis en cause dans un article de William Safire, du 14 novembre, o\u00f9 Safire s’attache \u00e0 l’id\u00e9e<\/a> du d\u00e9veloppement de syst\u00e8mes de surveillance aux USA m\u00eame, \u00e9galement confi\u00e9 \u00e0 Pointdexter. Pour l’instant, il est assez difficile de voir dans quelle mesure les deux syst\u00e8mes (US et reste) sont proches, voire confondus, mais \u00e9videmment leur proximit\u00e9 ne fait pas de doute. <\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\tSafire est particuli\u00e8rement virulent :<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\t\u00ab If the Homeland Security Act is not amended before passage, here is what will happen to you: Every purchase you make with a credit card, every magazine subscription you buy and medical prescription you fill, every Web site you visit and e-mail you send or receive, every academic grade you receive, every bank deposit you make, every trip you book and every event you attend all these transactions and communications will go into what the Defense Department describes as \u00a0\u00bba virtual, centralized grand database.\u00a0\u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00bb To this computerized dossier on your private life from commercial sources, add every piece of information that government has about you passport application, driver’s license and bridge toll records, judicial and divorce records, complaints from nosy neighbors to the F.B.I., your lifetime paper trail plus the latest hidden camera surveillance and you have the supersnoop’s dream: a \u00a0\u00bbTotal Information Awareness\u00a0\u00bb about every U.S. citizen.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00bb This is not some far-out Orwellian scenario. It is what will happen to your personal freedom in the next few weeks if John Poindexter gets the unprecedented power he seeks.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00bb Remember Poindexter? Brilliant man, first in his class at the Naval Academy, later earned a doctorate in physics, rose to national security adviser under President Ronald Reagan. He had this brilliant idea of secretly selling missiles to Iran to pay ransom for hostages, and with the illicit proceeds to illegally support contras in Nicaragua.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00bb A jury convicted Poindexter in 1990 on five felony counts of misleading Congress and making false statements, but an appeals court overturned the verdict because Congress had given him immunity for his testimony. He famously asserted, \u00a0\u00bbThe buck stops here,\u00a0\u00bb arguing that the White House staff, and not the president, was responsible for fateful decisions that might prove embarrassing.<\/em> <\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00bb This ring-knocking master of deceit is back again with a plan even more scandalous than Iran-contra. He heads the \u00a0\u00bbInformation Awareness Office\u00a0\u00bb in the otherwise excellent Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, which spawned the Internet and stealth aircraft technology. Poindexter is now realizing his 20-year dream: getting the \u00a0\u00bbdata-mining\u00a0\u00bb power to snoop on every public and private act of every American.<\/em> \u00bb<\/p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Et voici Orwellgate 15 novembre 2002 Le Washington Post du 12 novembre annonce un grand et vaste projet de computerization du monde. Il s’agit d’un syst\u00e8me g\u00e9ant d’ordinateurs, ou un syst\u00e8me d’ordinateurs g\u00e9ants (on h\u00e9site sur les termes) qui serait capable de donner acc\u00e8s, selon les termes employ\u00e9s, \u00ab to personal information in government and… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[3341,3697],"class_list":["post-65339","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-faits-et-commentaires","tag-orwell","tag-pointdexter"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65339","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=65339"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65339\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=65339"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=65339"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=65339"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}