{"id":65397,"date":"2002-12-24T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2002-12-24T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/2002\/12\/24\/la-doctrine-ashcroft\/"},"modified":"2002-12-24T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2002-12-24T00:00:00","slug":"la-doctrine-ashcroft","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/2002\/12\/24\/la-doctrine-ashcroft\/","title":{"rendered":"La doctrine Ashcroft<\/em><\/strong>"},"content":{"rendered":"

La doctrine Ashcroft<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\t24 d\u00e9cembre 2002 L’affaire de l’arrestation de centaine d’immigrants qui se pr\u00e9sentaient, \u00e0 los Angeles, pour r\u00e9gulariser leurs situations dans les r\u00e8gles l\u00e9gales, a provoqu\u00e9 un choc aux USA. Cette affaire a eu lieu la semaine derni\u00e8re, telle qu’elle est rapport\u00e9 par l’agence Reuters le 18 d\u00e9cembre :<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\t\u00ab Hundreds of Iranian and other Middle East citizens were in southern California jails on Wednesday after coming forward to comply with a new rule to register with immigration authorities only to wind up handcuffed and behind bars.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00bb Shocked and frustrated Islamic and immigrant groups estimate that more than 500 people have been arrested in Los Angeles, neighboring Orange County and San Diego in the past three days under a new nationwide anti-terrorism program. Some unconfirmed reports put the figure as high as 1,000.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00bb The arrests sparked a demonstration by hundreds of Iranians outside a Los Angeles immigration office. The protesters carried banners saying What’s next? Concentration camps? and What happened to liberty and justice?.<\/em> <\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00bb A spokesman for the Immigration and Naturalization Service said no numbers of people arrested would be made public. A Justice Department spokesman could not be reached for comment. The head of the southern California chapter of the American Civil Liberties Union compared the arrests to the internment of Japanese Americans in camps during the Second World War. I think it is shocking what is happening. It is reminiscent of what happened in the past with the internment of Japanese Americans. We are getting a lot of telephone calls from people. We are hearing that people went down wanting to cooperate and then they were detained, said Ramona Ripston, the ACLU’s executive director.<\/em> \u00bb<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\tCes arrestations ont provoqu\u00e9 des protestations imm\u00e9diates, d’abord des groupes concern\u00e9s et de leurs correspondants aux \u00c9tats-Unis (les Am\u00e9ricains d’origine arabe, les Am\u00e9ricains musulmans, etc.). Une r\u00e9union de la Muslim American convention, les 22 et 23 d\u00e9cembre, a vu des attaques particuli\u00e8rement virulentes<\/a> contre ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements et le Patriot Act, qui est la loi g\u00e9n\u00e9rale anti-terroriste.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\tLe pr\u00e9sident du bureau de la convention, Omar Ricci, a estim\u00e9 que \u00ab The Patriot Act is the biggest attack on democracy in America right now<\/em> \u00bb. A l’autre extr\u00eame, on trouve cette d\u00e9claration emphatique de Bryan Sierra, porte-parole du d\u00e9partement de la justice : \u00ab the Patriot Act as an incredibly valuable tool in the war on terrorism.<\/em> \u00bb<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\tDerri\u00e8re le Patriot Act, il y a ce qu’on nomme d\u00e9sormais la doctrine Ashcroft, du nom du secr\u00e9taire \u00e0 le justice, qui est finalement une version int\u00e9rieure, pour les USA, de la doctrine strat\u00e9gique pr\u00e9emptive adopt\u00e9e r\u00e9cemment par les USA. Le journaliste et sp\u00e9cialiste des questions juridiques Siobhan Gorman a publi\u00e9 un texte pr\u00e9sentant longuement cette doctrine, dans le National Journal du 21 d\u00e9cembre<\/a>. Ci-dessous, nous donnons quelques paragraphes introduisant son exposition d\u00e9taill\u00e9e<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\t\u00ab In Attorney General John D. Ashcroft’s post-9\/11 worldview, the United States is a battleground, and nothing less than the fate of the nation hangs in the balance. Prevention has become his mantra. "There are no second chances" in the war on terrorism, Ashcroft recently warned federal prosecutors. "Failure risks the security of our nation and the survival of our freedom."<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00bb Prevention was the perhaps-impossible task assigned to Ashcroft less than 24 hours after terrorists slammed hijacked airliners into the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. "John, you make sure this does not happen again," President Bush instructed the attorney general. Wanting the Justice Department to, as he put it, "seize this moment in history," Ashcroft immediately commissioned his deputies to draw up battle plans to defend the homeland.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00bb Before 9\/11, it had been nearly 60 years since the United States had been attacked on its own soil, and 135 years since a war had been fought on the U.S. mainland. But suddenly, the United States found itself embroiled in what Viet Dinh, the assistant attorney general who is the chief architect of Ashcroft’s aggressive new approach to law enforcement, calls "guerrilla warfare on steroids."<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00bb "It’s a different kind of guerrilla war than the one I’m used to," said Dinh, who at age 10 fled with his family from war-torn Vietnam to America. "The objective is different. It’s not gaining a foothold on a hill or taking over a hamlet. It’s basically to disrupt, destabilize, and ultimately defeat the Western order," he said. "All they need to do is sow fear and instability."<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00bb The heart of the government’s aggressive new law enforcement strategy an approach that might be called the Ashcroft Doctrine is pre-emption. In contrast to traditional law enforcement, the focus is not on punishing past criminal activity but on getting potential terrorists behind bars-using any available pretext-before they can do harm. The thinking inside the Justice Department is that it’s one thing to wait until someone holds up a bank but quite another to wait until a terrorist sets off a dirty bomb three blocks from the White House.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00bb The Ashcroft Doctrine has four basic tenets: 1) terrorism’s potential toll is so enormous that prevention is essential; 2) a powerful government is a prerequisite for real liberty; 3) terrorism is an act of war and therefore should be treated differently from other crimes; and 4) the rules of war trump normal civil-rights protections when the government is pursuing alleged terrorists.<\/em> \u00bb<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\tLes arrestations de la semaine derni\u00e8re, qui pourraient paradoxalement plus illustrer la maladresse bureaucratique de l’INS et du d\u00e9partement de la justice que leur caract\u00e8re policier conduisent \u00e9galement, apr\u00e8s les premi\u00e8res r\u00e9actions accompagnant ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements, \u00e0 une tr\u00e8s s\u00e9rieuse remise en cause de cette politique de Ashcroft et de l’administration GW.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\tLa question centrale tourne autour de la situation aujourd’hui aux USA, les mesures ex\u00e9cut\u00e9es \u00e9tant des mesures d’urgence d’\u00e9tat de guerre. Les \u00c9tats-Unis sont-ils en guerre ? Le Congr\u00e8s a \u00e9lud\u00e9 la question en votant des pouvoirs de guerre \u00e0 GW, qui ne sont pas l’acte solennel de la d\u00e9claration de guerre ; en m\u00eame temps que la question, les parlementaires US ont \u00e9lud\u00e9 leurs responsabilit\u00e9s, comme l’ont mis en \u00e9vidence plus d’un millier d’historiens am\u00e9ricains qui avaient demand\u00e9 en septembre que le Congr\u00e8s se prononce clairement sur la guerre.<\/a> <\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\tAujourd’hui, les r\u00e9flexions fondamentales se d\u00e9veloppent, comme le montre cet extrait de la lettre d’information Lighthouse<\/em>, du National Journal<\/em>, <\/p>\n<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\t\u00ab Second Thoughts on the Ashcroft Doctrine<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00bb The post-9\/11 policies of the Bush Justice Department may make John Ashcroft the most precedent-setting attorney general in decades. This point was illustrated (yet again!) by the mass arrests in Los Angeles last week of otherwise law-abiding Iranians who agree more with the Statue of Liberty’s promise than with the bureaucrats at the Immigration and Naturalization Service. (In fact, many were nabbed after agree to register with the INS.)<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00bb Supporters of Ashcroft argue that immigration crack downs and "pre-emptive" law enforcement are necessary because drastic measures are needed during wartime. But not everyone agrees with the premises of the Ashcroft Doctrine, as it has come to be known.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00bb "We are not at war," Robert Higgs, Independent Institute research fellow and editor of The Independent Review recently told the National Journal. "If the Congress wanted us to be at war, it is free to declare war on somebody. The executive branch has no authority to take it upon itself to act as if we are at war."<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00bb Besides, doesn’t the prospect of war force policymakers to rethink the steps that have lead to hostilities? "The attorney general keeps arguing … that the objective of terrorists is to bring about disorder in our society. I think that’s bogus," Higgs said. "The objective of terrorists is to take revenge for the actions of the U.S. government in the Middle East." Bush’s <\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\tadvisers, he said, "don’t want to address that, because it calls into question American foreign policy."<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00bb Questioning domestic war policies, however, is clearly becoming more common even from within the party of Bush and Ashcroft. Rep. Bob Barr (R-GA), Rep. Dick Armey (R-Texas), conservative activist Phyllis Schlafly, and New York Times columnist William Safire, among others, have been increasingly vocal critics of the Ashcroft Doctrine. Whether their arguments can hold off the juggernaut is, of course, another matter.<\/em> \u00bb<\/p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La doctrine Ashcroft 24 d\u00e9cembre 2002 L’affaire de l’arrestation de centaine d’immigrants qui se pr\u00e9sentaient, \u00e0 los Angeles, pour r\u00e9gulariser leurs situations dans les r\u00e8gles l\u00e9gales, a provoqu\u00e9 un choc aux USA. Cette affaire a eu lieu la semaine derni\u00e8re, telle qu’elle est rapport\u00e9 par l’agence Reuters le 18 d\u00e9cembre : \u00ab Hundreds of Iranian… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[3759,3416,3756,3755,3758,3757],"class_list":["post-65397","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-faits-et-commentaires","tag-arabes","tag-ashcroft","tag-etat","tag-ins","tag-musulmans","tag-policier"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65397","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=65397"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65397\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=65397"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=65397"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=65397"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}