{"id":65437,"date":"2003-01-23T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2003-01-23T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/2003\/01\/23\/internet-boomerang\/"},"modified":"2003-01-23T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2003-01-23T00:00:00","slug":"internet-boomerang","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/2003\/01\/23\/internet-boomerang\/","title":{"rendered":" Internet<\/em>-boomerang"},"content":{"rendered":"

Internet<\/em>-boomerang<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n

\t23 janvier 2003 Internet est un dr\u00f4le de poisson. Il est apparu comme le triomphe de la globalisation, du syst\u00e8me de l’am\u00e9ricanisme et de tout ce qui va avec. Au contraire, depuis le conflit du Kosovo, il ne cesse de s’affirmer comme l’outil id\u00e9al de la dissidence, des groupes et des individus qui s’opposent aux entreprises de cette m\u00eame globalisation. C’est le cas aujourd’hui, Internet permet de lancer un mouvement antiwar sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent aux USA, l\u00e0 o\u00f9 se trouve le centre de la globalisation et, par cons\u00e9quent, le centre de l’actuelle offensive de la globalisation, dans les projets accompagnant l’attaque de l’Irak<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\tCi-dessous, un texte int\u00e9ressant pr\u00e9sentant cet aspect d’Internet avec ce constat qui revient de plus en plus que la mobilisation antiwar aux USA pr\u00e9sente ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne exceptionnel de se r\u00e9aliser avant la guerre elle-m\u00eame, ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne caract\u00e9ris\u00e9, selon une des organisatrices du mouvement, comme \u00ab le premier mouvement anti-guerre pr\u00e9ventif de l’histoire<\/em> \u00bb. (Selon le texte de Leander Kahney : \u00ab This weekend’s anti-war protests were the first mass demonstrations in memory to occur before a conflict<\/em> \u00bb, et cela est sans aucun doute \u00ab a testimony to the organizing power of the Internet<\/em> \u00bb.)<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\tL’ironie est pr\u00e9sente et insistant dans la mesure o\u00f9 Internet fut pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 \u00e0 son origine, par ses promoteurs, comme un moyen d’expression populaire. Dans leur esprit, cela concernait surtout l’aspect commercial et \u00e9conomie : la possibilit\u00e9 de faire des transactions, l’organisation \u00e9conomique (la e-economy<\/em>). Au contraire, l’aspect politique n’\u00e9tait pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9, sinon pour le laisser \u00e0 ce qu’on esp\u00e9rait \u00eatre un surcro\u00eet de diffusion des grands m\u00e9dias. Aujourd’hui, on constate l’\u00e9chec de l’ambition \u00e9conomique globale d’Internet, d’ailleurs \u00e0 cause des exc\u00e8s imm\u00e9diats du projet et le succ\u00e8s ph\u00e9nom\u00e9nal de l’aspect politique hors-syst\u00e8me. Le succ\u00e8s, aux USA bien s\u00fbr, de sites comme Antiwar.com (autour de 18.000 entr\u00e9es par jour) ou comme WSWS.org (autour de 20.000 entr\u00e9es par jour) en t\u00e9moignent : ni les libertariens (droite radicale am\u00e9ricaine, isolationniste et pacifiste), ni les trotskistes de la IVe Internationale n’auraient r\u00eav\u00e9 d’une telle audience au temps d’avant-Internet. Au reste, constatons que ce n’est certes pas une mauvaise chose ; ces sites dissidents apportent une litt\u00e9rature de constat et de commentaire d’un r\u00e9el int\u00e9r\u00eat et, paradoxalement pour certains qui se disent affili\u00e9s \u00e0 des parti de stricte ob\u00e9dience, beaucoup plus lib\u00e9r\u00e9e des pressions restrictives de l’opinion que ne sont les grands m\u00e9dias.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\tCette importance d’Internet dans les grands mouvements politiques contestataires est certainement l’une des causes principales du caract\u00e8re tr\u00e8s nouveau du mouvement de contestation de la guerre : une absence de pr\u00e9paration et d’organisation spectaculaires, l’impression que ce mouvement n’existe pas vraiment ou qu’il est insaisissable ; puis, soudain, des manifestations extr\u00eamement puissantes et efficaces. Un mouvement contre la guerre qui d\u00e9fie les pr\u00e9visions et s’impose par surprise. <\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\tEn d’autres mots et avant de laisser l’espace \u00e0 un article du 21 janvier 2003 de Leander Kahney, du site Wired.com,<\/a> qui analyse le r\u00f4le d’Internet dans l’actuel mouvement de contestation de la guerre qui n’a pas encore eu lieu, nous confirmons le jugement que nous offrions au terme de la guerre du Kosovo, dans de defensa-papier<\/a>, dans un article sur Internet, \u00ab notre<\/em> Samizdat<\/em><\/strong> globalis\u00e9<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Internet Stokes Anti-War Movement <\/h2>\n<\/p>\n

\tBy Leander Kahney<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\tThis weekend’s anti-war protests were the first mass demonstrations in memory to occur before a conflict, a testimony to the organizing power of the Internet, observers say. <\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\tWhile the Vietnam-era anti-war movement took years to gather momentum, hundreds of thousands of protestors turned out in dozens of U.S. cities on Saturday to protest a possible war in Iraq. <\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\tThe two biggest gatherings took place in San Francisco and Washington, D.C. Estimates of the turnout are contentious — authorities cited 100,000 for both cities, while organizers say crowds topped 850,000 — but it’s probably safe to say the marches were the biggest since the anti-Vietnam War protests of the 1960s. <\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\tThe rallies attracted a broad spectrum of protestors, from campus firebrands to elderly Republicans. Many religious groups were involved (\u00a0\u00bbWho Would Jesus Bomb?\u00a0\u00bb read one banner), as well as trade unions, a wide range of political groups and a lot of ordinary citizens. <\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\tThe disparity of protestors is a sign the anti-war movement has gone mainstream, observers said, and it’s thanks not to the media, but to hundreds of anti-war websites and mailing lists. <\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0\u00bbNever before in human history has an anti-war movement grown so fast and spread so quickly,\u00a0\u00bb wrote historian and columnist Ruth Rosen in the San Francisco Chronicle. \u00a0\u00bbIt is even more remarkable because the war has yet to begin. Publicized throughout cyberspace, the anti-war movement has left behind its sectarian roots and entered mainstream culture.\u00a0\u00bb <\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\tHoward Rheingold, author of Smart Mobs: The Next Social Revolution, also believes the Internet played a defining role in bringing the movement together. <\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0\u00bbThe last time the U.S. contemplated war — 1991 — the Internet was still an isolated phenomenon, confined to a relatively small population of enthusiasts,\u00a0\u00bb he wrote in an e-mail. \u00a0\u00bbNow, not only are most of the citizens online, but online activism has had years to mature and perfect its techniques.\u00a0\u00bb <\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0\u00bbSaturday’s rallies were unique in the long history of anti-war activism in the U.S. in that, to my knowledge, never before have hundreds of thousands of people protested a possible war,\u00a0\u00bb wrote Peter Rothberg, who is associate publisher of The Nation and maintains the ActNow weblog, in an e-mail. <\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\tHowever, Rothberg said people took to the streets not because of the Internet per se, but because of their shared opposition to a pre-emptive, unilateral strike against Iraq. <\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0\u00bbThere’s no question that the Internet has provided a terrific new tool for organizers who are growing increasingly adept at employing the medium to best advantage,\u00a0\u00bb he wrote. \u00a0\u00bbI hesitate to give all or even preponderant credit to the medium, though. I think the message, and the very real fact that lots of folks oppose an invasion of Iraq, are what got people out on the streets.\u00a0\u00bb <\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\tNonetheless, protest organizers said the Net played a key role in disseminating the anti-war message, motivating and mobilizing people, and efficiently communicating details like travel plans. <\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0\u00bbThe Internet played a very significant role,\u00a0\u00bb said Sarah Sloan, an organizer with International ANSWER, the group that planned the rallies. \u00a0\u00bbIt made a major difference in getting our message out there, especially because the mainstream media isn’t covering the anti-war movement.\u00a0\u00bb <\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\tSloan said for many people, joining the movement was as simple as typing \u00a0\u00bbanti-war\u00a0\u00bb into Google and being directed to hundreds of anti-war websites. <\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\tThe United for Peace website, for example, one of the anti-war movement’s major clearing houses, includes news, contacts, background information, fliers, printable posters, contacts for scores of local activist groups and comprehensive travel arrangements to the protests from 300 different U.S. cities. <\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0\u00bbWithout that resource, it’s hard to find out how to get involved,\u00a0\u00bb Sloan said. <\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\tSloan said the Internet also allowed the Saturday protests to go international. Protestors in 32 countries held street demonstrations. \u00a0\u00bbThere’s no way the event would have been international without the Internet,\u00a0\u00bb she said. <\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\tOf the hundreds of different groups involved, almost all have websites and e-mail lists. As well as inspiring, organizing and mobilizing people, the Internet gives protestors the sense they are part of a larger movement. <\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0\u00bbBefore the Internet, people felt blacked out by the media, because it doesn’t represent their views,\u00a0\u00bb said Andrea Buffa, a spokeswoman for United for Peace. \u00a0\u00bbNow, because of the Net, they feel like they’re part of a movement. They’re no longer isolated. It helps mobilize people, gets them to move.\u00a0\u00bb <\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\tUnited For Peace is organizing an Oil and War protest action on Feb. 4 at local gas stations around the United States. Activists are encouraged to print out the Web page and hand out copies at the pumps. \u00a0\u00bbThere’s no way we could get that information out all over the country without e-mail and the website,\u00a0\u00bb said Buffa. <\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\tThe range of online anti-war resources is big and growing. MoveOn.org, a political website based in Silicon Valley, recently raised $400,000 through 10,000 or more individual donations to remake the 1960s \u00a0\u00bbDaisy\u00a0\u00bb anti-nuclear-war ad. <\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\tMoveOn has proven adept at fundraising and lobbying politicians, and has built a mailing list 600,000 strong. <\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\tA good example of the Internet’s power to reach many people is the Protest Posters website. Thrown up late last week, the site attracted 2,400 visitors and 1,155 poster downloads by the weekend on the strength of a few e-mails and links from other websites. <\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00a0\u00bbI saw some of the posters at the San Francisco march,\u00a0\u00bb said Frank Leahy, who helped create the site. \u00a0\u00bbI thought that was pretty cool. Word gets around fast.\u00a0\u00bb <\/p>\n<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\t[Notre recommandation est que ce texte doit \u00eatre lu avec la mention classique \u00e0 l’esprit, Disclaimer: In accordance with 17 U.S.C. 107, this material is distributed without profit or payment to those who have expressed a prior interest in receiving this information for non-profit research and educational purposes only..]<\/em><\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Internet-boomerang 23 janvier 2003 Internet est un dr\u00f4le de poisson. Il est apparu comme le triomphe de la globalisation, du syst\u00e8me de l’am\u00e9ricanisme et de tout ce qui va avec. Au contraire, depuis le conflit du Kosovo, il ne cesse de s’affirmer comme l’outil id\u00e9al de la dissidence, des groupes et des individus qui s’opposent… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[3675,60,2984],"class_list":["post-65437","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-faits-et-commentaires","tag-antiwar","tag-internet","tag-samizdat"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65437","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=65437"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65437\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=65437"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=65437"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=65437"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}