{"id":65445,"date":"2003-01-28T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2003-01-28T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/2003\/01\/28\/jsf-enneige\/"},"modified":"2003-01-28T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2003-01-28T00:00:00","slug":"jsf-enneige","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/2003\/01\/28\/jsf-enneige\/","title":{"rendered":"JSF enneig\u00e9<\/em><\/strong>"},"content":{"rendered":"

JSF enneig\u00e9<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\t28 janvier 2003 Le progr\u00e8s est en toutes choses, surtout outre-Atlantique. Washington a pouss\u00e9 l’innovation jusqu’\u00e0 cr\u00e9er par ses actes, par sa politique de communication, par son id\u00e9ologie virtualiste, un tr\u00e8s fort mouvement anti-guerre contre une guerre qui n’est pas encore d\u00e9clench\u00e9e ; le m\u00eame effet est observ\u00e9 dans un autre domaine, avec le programme JSF qui a cr\u00e9\u00e9 le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne \u00e9galement novateur d’avoir des m\u00e9contents des compensations d’un engagement dans un programme avant m\u00eame l’existence de ce programme (le JSF), avant m\u00eame que ce m\u00e9content ait seulement song\u00e9 \u00e0 commander le JSF et ainsi de suite. C’est une le\u00e7on \u00e9tonnante qu’on peut tirer du premier accroc majeur du programme JSF, domaine international.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\tLe m\u00e9content, nous annonce Defense News<\/em>, c’est la Norv\u00e8ge. Ci-dessous, on trouve des extraits du texte de Defense News<\/em> donnant cette information, ou l’essentiel de l’information. D’ores et d\u00e9j\u00e0, on peut appr\u00e9cier ce d\u00e9veloppement \u00e0 la lumi\u00e8re de plusieurs remarques.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t• La Norv\u00e8ge ne veut certes pas rompre, pas encore dans tous les cas. Pour l’instant, elle menace, esquisse un chantage (la reprise des n\u00e9gociations sur le Typhoon<\/em>), etc. Il n’emp\u00eache, cette menace rappelle de mani\u00e8re tr\u00e8s expressive que l’entr\u00e9e dans le programme JSF au stade o\u00f9 elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 faite n’implique aucun automatisme de commande de l’avion.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t• Pour autant, il appara\u00eetra vite n\u00e9cessaire que satisfaction doit \u00eatre donn\u00e9e aux Norv\u00e9giens, sans quoi la manoeuvre va se transformer en une menace r\u00e9elle de retrait. Les Norv\u00e9giens, comme la plupart des Europ\u00e9ens, sont entr\u00e9s dans le programme pour des raisons \u00e9conomiques, selon les notions d’\u00e9conomie les plus larges possibles. Cela signifie que l’investissement doit rapporter rapidement sans quoi le march\u00e9 est remis en cause. C’est l\u00e0 le handicap de l’op\u00e9ration r\u00e9ussie des Am\u00e9ricains : elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ussie parce qu’elle a \u00e9vit\u00e9 l’argument politique (dans ce cas, la cause europ\u00e9enne aurait pes\u00e9 beaucoup plus fortement) ; \u00e0 l’inverse, cela implique que des avantages \u00e9conomiques doivent \u00eatre aussit\u00f4t r\u00e9alis\u00e9s puisque aucune n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 politique ne lie la Norv\u00e8ge au JSF<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t• C’est le d\u00e9but de l’imbroglio du JSF, qui r\u00e9unit des acteurs extr\u00eamement divers, aux int\u00e9r\u00eats \u00e9conomiques divergents, chacun avec des revendications \u00e9conomiques quantitatives sans la moindre notion de solidarit\u00e9 avec la stabilit\u00e9 du programme. La Norv\u00e8ge r\u00e9clame plus ; si on le lui accorde (si on peut), d’autre vont r\u00e9clamer l’\u00e9quivalent et ainsi de suite.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t• Ces facteurs aggravants (\u00e9go\u00efsme \u00e9conomique, absence de solidarit\u00e9) le sont d’autant plus qu’on est loin, tr\u00e8s loin du terme du programme, donc d’un engagement plus affirm\u00e9, donc de contraintes militaires et strat\u00e9giques, voire politique, qui caract\u00e9risent d’habitude un programme de coop\u00e9ration. C’est l\u00e0 le facteur qu’on a signal\u00e9 plus haut : avant m\u00eame d’exister, le JSF rencontre des probl\u00e8mes. \u00ab The company and its partners were only 18 months into the 126-month development and demonstration phase<\/em> \u00bb, rappelle Lockheed Martin ; cette explication de bon sens caract\u00e9rise \u00e9galement le handicap du JSF : croit-on que la Norv\u00e8ge va attendre 98 mois pour avoir le retour sur investissement qu’elle attend de son entr\u00e9e dans le programme ?<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\tLe texte, dont des extraits apparaissent ci-dessous, est publi\u00e9 sur le site Defense News<\/em> le 27 janvier, sous le titre : \u00ab Norway Wavers on JSF Participation<\/em> \u00bb, par Andrew Chuter, bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Londres :<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\t\u00ab Norway may pull out of the Joint Strike Fighter program unless local industry begins to benefit soon, Oslo has warned lead contractor Lockheed Martin.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00bb In a related move, the Nordic country’s Ministry of Defense reopened the door to the Eurofighter Typhoon, completing negotiations last week with the four-nation Eurofighter consortium for industrial and Air Force participation.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00bb Oslo decided in June 2002 to contribute 1 billion Norwegian kroner ($144 million) to join the JSF’s development and demonstration phase. So far, Norway has received only one significant JSF contract: a deal involving Volvo Aero Norge in the production of low-pressure turbine shafts for engine maker Pratt & Whitney. We are making a considerable contribution without attaching requirements for offset or cost-share work arrangements to it, Leif Lindback, armaments director at the Ministry of Defense, said in a Jan. 23 statement. We have accepted this believing that, if the model is successful, considerable opportunities for our national defense industries exist within the program. However, there is an urgent requirement to demonstrate that these opportunities are real to secure continued support for the program.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00bb Norway is considering JSF, Eurofighter and possibly other jets to replace its 48 F-16 fighters, and expects to decide around 2008.<\/em> <\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00bb We believe in competition and think it is beneficial to keep other options open until we make our final choice, Lindback said. We are in a dialogue to establish a relationship with Eurofighter and the NATO Eurofighter Tornado Management Agency to secure the Typhoon as a credible alternative in the coming years.<\/em> <\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00bb The two sides are expected to sign the cooperation deal this week. Lindback said it would involve participation by the Norwegian Air Force in project organization and by industry in developing future versions of Eurofighter.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t(…)<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00bb Local media reports have highlighted the lack of industrial participation in the JSF program. The leader of the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Defense, Marit Nybakk, told reporters Jan. 15 there are provisions in the contract for termination if Norwegian industry does not get sufficient development contracts.<\/em> <\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00bb The agreement has led to Norwegian participation worth 80 million kroner, so I believe it is too early to measure the benefits of the agreement to local industry, Nybakk said.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00bb A Lockheed Martin spokesman in London said the company and its partners were only 18 months into the 126-month development and demonstration phase.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00bbIt is worth remembering this is a 10.5-year participation period for Lockheed Martin and its partners and we are confident of the value the JSF program represents to our international team members, the spokesman said.<\/em> \u00bb<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\t[Notre recommandation est que ce texte doit \u00eatre lu avec la mention classique \u00e0 l’esprit, Disclaimer: In accordance with 17 U.S.C. 107, this material is distributed without profit or payment to those who have expressed a prior interest in receiving this information for non-profit research and educational purposes only..]<\/em><\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

JSF enneig\u00e9 28 janvier 2003 Le progr\u00e8s est en toutes choses, surtout outre-Atlantique. Washington a pouss\u00e9 l’innovation jusqu’\u00e0 cr\u00e9er par ses actes, par sa politique de communication, par son id\u00e9ologie virtualiste, un tr\u00e8s fort mouvement anti-guerre contre une guerre qui n’est pas encore d\u00e9clench\u00e9e ; le m\u00eame effet est observ\u00e9 dans un autre domaine, avec… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-65445","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-faits-et-commentaires"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65445","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=65445"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65445\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=65445"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=65445"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=65445"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}