{"id":65609,"date":"2003-05-13T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2003-05-13T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/2003\/05\/13\/exportations-us-un-cadeau-aux-amis-du-jsf\/"},"modified":"2003-05-13T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2003-05-13T00:00:00","slug":"exportations-us-un-cadeau-aux-amis-du-jsf","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/2003\/05\/13\/exportations-us-un-cadeau-aux-amis-du-jsf\/","title":{"rendered":"Exportations US, \u2014 un cadeau aux amis du JSF<\/em><\/strong>"},"content":{"rendered":"

Exportations US, un cadeau aux amis du JSF<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\t13 mai 2003 Il \u00e9tait manifeste, au sein des alli\u00e9s non-US de la fameuse coalition des able<\/em> et des willing<\/em>, surtout chez les Anglo-Saxons, Britanniques et Australiens, que cette participation serait remerci\u00e9e de gracieuses mesures d’exemption et de faveurs de la part des Am\u00e9ricains. Un tr\u00e8s r\u00e9cent d\u00e9veloppement au Congr\u00e8s, signal\u00e9 le 9 mai par le Financial Times<\/em>, est venu jeter le doute le plus profond, comme une v\u00e9ritable douche glac\u00e9e, sur cet espoir et cette attente.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\tLe pr\u00e9sident de la puissante commission des relations internationales de la Chambre, le r\u00e9publicain Henry Hyde, a rejet\u00e9 une demande de l’administration de lever des restrictions pour des transferts de technologies sensibles (militaires) pour ces pays amis. Aucune exception n’est faite, et pas plus pour les Britanniques et les Australiens. La position de Henry Hyde est extr\u00eamement dure. Les termes qu’il emploie dans une lettre qu’il adresse au secr\u00e9taire d’\u00c9tat Powell sont sans \u00e9quivoque. Ces termes concernent particuli\u00e8rement les pays europ\u00e9ens, et particuli\u00e8rement les pays amis, fa\u00e7on de dire : plus on est amis des USA, plus on porte la responsabilit\u00e9 d’un comportement honorable, lequel ne s’est pas toujours v\u00e9rifi\u00e9 ; par cons\u00e9quent, il importerait sans doute de se m\u00e9fier plus encore des amis des USA.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\t\u00ab In a strongly worded letter to Colin Powell, the secretary of state, Henry Hyde, the committee’s chairman and a Republican, said that proposals to ease US export controls seem unwise and particularly incongruous with the increased threats to US security and foreign policy interests since the attacks of September 11, 2001.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00bb In the May 5 letter, obtained by the Financial Times, Mr Hyde said that recent evidence of arms sales to Iraq in violation of the international embargo suggest very strongly the need for the United States to maintain a comprehensive and stringent system of control over all military exports, and to insist that other governments, particularly our friends and allies in Europe, do the same.<\/em> \u00bb<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\tCette d\u00e9marche est une pr\u00e9misse s\u00e9rieuse pour une catastrophe, avec la mise en cause implicite de tous les programmes importants de coop\u00e9ration militaire, au premier rang duquel on pointe \u00e9videmment le JSF\/F-35. Ces restrictions constituent effectivement, dans le cas de ce programme, un handicap \u00e9pouvantable pour les Britanniques et les Australiens. Le commentaire du journal anglais laisse entendre ce point, en citant des appr\u00e9ciations tr\u00e8s pessimistes du d\u00e9partement d’\u00c9tat.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\t\u00ab The committee’s action jeopardises defence trade deals with the UK and Australia that have been nearly three years in the making. The State Department said that without a waiver it would be very difficult, if not impossible, to conclude an agreement.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00bb Both countries have said that closer defence co-operation with the US on projects such as the Joint Strike Fighter is seriously impeded by the difficulty US defence companies face in exporting even routine military items such as engine components. In addition, foreign defence companies are barred from the documents needed to bid for most Pentagon weapons contracts, while export licences are required before even unclassified military information can be shared with foreign nationals working in defence companies.<\/em> \u00bb<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\tLes r\u00e9actions sont extr\u00eamement virulentes, notamment de la part des Britanniques et des Australiens qui esp\u00e9raient au moins obtenir quelques facilit\u00e9s du point de vue des exportations. Certes, Hyde fait dire qu’il ne veut surtout pas contrecarrer des accords de coop\u00e9ration avec les Britanniques et les Australiens, ces excellents alli\u00e9s, mais qu’il entend que toutes les dispositions soient prises pour qu’aucune \u00e9chappatoire ne soit possible.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\tEn r\u00e9alit\u00e9, les exigences de Hyde, qui concernent des mesures pour rendre impossible de diriger des exportations US vers des pays tiers non contr\u00f4l\u00e9s, sont telles que les restrictions de contr\u00f4le qui le satisferaient rendraient quasiment impossible tout travail s\u00e9rieux de coop\u00e9ration. D’autre part, elles mettraient en cause diverses situations \u00e0 venir : par exemple, comment envisager la coop\u00e9ration industrielle et technologique entre la Royal Navy, Thales (soci\u00e9t\u00e9 fran\u00e7aise) et la Marine Nationale (France) dans le domaine des porte-avions, avec les Britanniques \u00e9quip\u00e9s du JSF et l’hostilit\u00e9 existant entre Am\u00e9ricains et Fran\u00e7ais.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\tVoici les r\u00e9actions \u00e0 la prise de position de Henry Hyde :<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\t\u00ab A British official said he was extremely disappointed by the congressional action. He said that while Congress might be concerned about the precedent, I do not see it as a justification for putting a block that will take at least a year to unscramble.<\/em> <\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00bb An Australian official said that, as an enduring ally of the US, we expect to be treated well as opposed to being treated as antagonists in the process.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00bb An aide to Mr Hyde said that the committee did not want to block the deals with the UK or Australia, but wanted instead a narrowly crafted waiver that would minimise any deviations from current export control laws. But he said Mr Hyde was determined to ensure that the broader relaxation of export controls contemplated by the administration does not come to pass.<\/em> \u00bb<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\tPour conclure, on ne doit pas \u00eatre sans noter que ce conflit implique le secr\u00e9taire d’\u00c9tat Powell et pas le Pentagone. L’effort de lib\u00e9ralisation des exportations est men\u00e9 par le D\u00e9partement d’\u00c9tat, qui esp\u00e8re bien, \u00e0 cette occasion, reprendre un peu d’ascendant sur le Pentagone. Ce dernier s’oppose \u00e0 la lib\u00e9ralisation par principe et par r\u00e9flexe bureaucratique, et \u00e9galement pour contrer le D\u00e9partement d’\u00c9tat. Henry Hyde, qui n’a pas une sympathie excessive pour Powell et sa r\u00e9putation de colombe, intervient \u00e9galement dans ce cas au nom de la logique des affrontements politiciens \u00e0 Washington.<\/p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Exportations US, un cadeau aux amis du JSF 13 mai 2003 Il \u00e9tait manifeste, au sein des alli\u00e9s non-US de la fameuse coalition des able et des willing, surtout chez les Anglo-Saxons, Britanniques et Australiens, que cette participation serait remerci\u00e9e de gracieuses mesures d’exemption et de faveurs de la part des Am\u00e9ricains. Un tr\u00e8s r\u00e9cent… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-65609","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-faits-et-commentaires"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65609","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=65609"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65609\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=65609"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=65609"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=65609"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}