{"id":66020,"date":"2004-07-07T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2004-07-07T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/2004\/07\/07\/bien-entendu-les-terroristes-ne-sont-pas-ceux-quon-croit\/"},"modified":"2004-07-07T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2004-07-07T00:00:00","slug":"bien-entendu-les-terroristes-ne-sont-pas-ceux-quon-croit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/2004\/07\/07\/bien-entendu-les-terroristes-ne-sont-pas-ceux-quon-croit\/","title":{"rendered":"Bien entendu, les terroristes ne sont pas ceux qu’on croit<\/em><\/strong>"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bien entendu, les terroristes ne sont pas ceux qu’on croit<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n

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\t7 juillet 2004 Marc Sageman est un ancien officier de la CIA devenu professeur, et auteur d’un livre r\u00e9cent sur le terrorisme (Understanding Terror Network<\/em>). Le journal pakistanais Daily Times<\/em> du 6 juillet fait rapport des conceptions de Sageman<\/a> sur ce qu’on pourrait nommer la sociologie des terroristes.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\tBien \u00e9videmment, comme dans toutes les grandes lignes officielles qui nous sont expos\u00e9es aujourd’hui, la sociologie qui nous est offerte de terroristes fanatiquement religieux, \u00e9ventuellement incultes parce que non-civilis\u00e9s \u00e0 l’occidentale, etc, s’av\u00e8re compl\u00e8tement fausse, et le produit d’une d\u00e9marche compl\u00e8tement id\u00e9ologique, voire raciste. On retrouve le constat d\u00e9j\u00e0 fait apr\u00e8s l’attaque du 11 septembre 2001 o\u00f9 il s’\u00e9tait av\u00e9r\u00e9 que nombre des membres du groupe qui r\u00e9alisa cette attaque \u00e9taient des Saoudiens de bonne famille, de familles riches, \u00e9lev\u00e9es \u00e0 l’occidentale, etc.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

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\t\u00ab According to Marc Sageman, now a Pennsylvania professor and author of a new book on terrorism, of the 400 members of terrorist networks from North Africa, the Middle East, Malaysia and Indonesia that he studies, 75 percent came from upper or middle-class backgrounds and most also from caring, intact families. Sixty percent were college educated and 75 percent could be considered professional or semi-professional. Seventy percent were married and most had children. Only half came from a religious background, and a large group raised in North Africa or France grew up in entirely secular communities, which refutes the notion of culture, often cited as a factor encouraging terrorism.<\/em> <\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00bb He told a meeting here last month, says a report in the Washington Times Monday, the idea that terrorists were inherently evil was false. None of these guys, really, are evil -though their acts definitely were. Neither are they mentally ill, he said. Of those studied, he said, only one percent had hints of psychological disorders – the same as the world base rate. Most of (them) were the elite of the country, he added.<\/em> <\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00bb Many, his study showed, were sent abroad to study, became lonely and isolated from their communities and cultures, and sought friends among people like themselves. They often found them in groups based around mosques, even if they had little previous interest in religion.<\/em> <\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00bb Seventy percent joined a jihadi group while away from their country of origin, Mr Sageman said, and a further 20 percent were second-generation immigrants. Sixty-eight percent had friends in the jihad and an additional 20 percent had close relatives who were already members. He described the fledgling terrorist at this stage as someone who feels excluded from society and resents this. The mosque provides reasoning to this emotional process: Society is corrupt, cruel, infected by Western values.<\/em> <\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00bb He said this is where the notion of the Salafi comes in. He called the Salafi movement inherently a peaceful social movement, with about 30 million followers worldwide. He pointed out that more than half of the terrorists in his sample worshipped at only 10 mosques worldwide. Salafis, he explained, generally advocate the formation of a model Islamic society based on fairness and justice by non-violent means. But there is a violent strand, he added. This violent group develops in-group love and out-group hate. It sees those standing in the way of the true Islamic community as infidels who, according to distorted interpretations of the Quran, can justifiably be killed. Targets include Arab leaders viewed as oppressive or corrupt, such as the Saudi royal family, and, particularly in the case of networks such as Al Qaeda, the far enemy, or those Western countries seen to be aiding such leaders, chiefly the United States.<\/em> <\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00bb The Washington Times report quoted Mr Sageman as saying that the social movement of the Salafi jihad developed over three stages the first being in Afghanistan during the Soviet war. He rejected the widely-held view that the CIA created Osama Bin Laden in Afghanistan, but conceded that we encouraged indirectly the rise of an Islamist movement … (and) transformed … local insurgents against their own governments … and made (the movement) global over time. Many foreign fighters were unable to return home after the war in Afghanistan, he added, for political or criminal reasons. In 1991, they were expelled from Pakistan to the Sudan, where they became radicalised. After five years, the most militant returned to Afghanistan, he said, where Bin Laden was setting up his training camps. Within two months, Bin Laden had issued his first fatwa against the West.<\/em> \u00bb<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

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\tCes remarques sont \u00e9videmment int\u00e9ressantes, dans le d\u00e9tail sur divers sujets bien s\u00fbr, mais d’une fa\u00e7on g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, nous dirions : historique et philosophique.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\tCe que fait Sageman d’essentiel, c’est d’\u00e9carter la religion comme facteur-clef du terrorisme, et, par extension, il contredit in fine<\/em> la th\u00e8se selon laquelle le terrorisme repr\u00e9sente des forces r\u00e9actionnaires et obscurantistes lanc\u00e9es contre le monde civilis\u00e9. Sageman contredit \u00e9galement la th\u00e8se, compl\u00e8tement stalinienne et si en vogue chez nos lib\u00e9raux postmodernes, des terroristes malades mentaux (nihilistes par exemple). (\u00ab [T]he idea that terrorists were inherently evil was false. None of these guys, really, are evil -though their acts definitely were. Neither are they mentally ill, he said. Of those studied, he said, only one percent had hints of psychological disorders the same as the world base rate.<\/em> \u00bb)<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\tAu contraire, Sageman nous montre une typologie du terroriste relevant d’une situation n\u00e9e de la globalisation, d’une situation compl\u00e8tement postmoderne : \u00e9migration massive, rupture des liens de communaut\u00e9 et de culture, isolement de l’individu par rapport \u00e0 son groupe social d’origine. La mati\u00e8re est fondamentalement psychologique, et culturelle \u00e0 travers cette \u00e9volution psychologique. Cela implique que nombre de terroristes ne sont nullement des pauvres ni dans une situation sociale mauvaise ; mais ils sont psychologiquement et socialement isol\u00e9s, c’est-\u00e0-dire confront\u00e9s \u00e0 la n\u00e9vrose engendr\u00e9e par le modernisme et l’individualisme de l’am\u00e9ricanisme. (\u00ab Many, his study showed, were sent abroad to study, became lonely and isolated from their communities and cultures, and sought friends among people like themselves.<\/em> \u00bb)<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\tDe cette fa\u00e7on g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, on peut voir combien le terrorisme n’est ni la r\u00e9surgence d’une tension religieuse et raciste (le choc des civilisations) ni la r\u00e9surgence d’un marxisme revu selon les th\u00e8ses postmodernes et selon une g\u00e9ographie tiers-mondiste (r\u00e9volte des pauvres et des nouveaux damn\u00e9s de la terre). Il s’agit au contraire d’une r\u00e9volte fondamentalement de notre temps, contre les perversit\u00e9s de la globalisation et de l’individualisme, contre ses caract\u00e8res d\u00e9structurants et ainsi de suite. L’antiam\u00e9ricanisme c’est-\u00e0-dire l’attaque contre l’am\u00e9ricanisme plus que contre l’Am\u00e9rique d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 aujourd’hui avec la guerre contre la terreur est donc un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne compl\u00e8tement explicable par un lien direct de cause \u00e0 effet et nullement un accident regrettable ou une cons\u00e9quence indirecte. <\/p>\n<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bien entendu, les terroristes ne sont pas ceux qu’on croit 7 juillet 2004 Marc Sageman est un ancien officier de la CIA devenu professeur, et auteur d’un livre r\u00e9cent sur le terrorisme (Understanding Terror Network). Le journal pakistanais Daily Times du 6 juillet fait rapport des conceptions de Sageman sur ce qu’on pourrait nommer la… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-66020","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-faits-et-commentaires"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66020","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=66020"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66020\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=66020"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=66020"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=66020"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}