{"id":66631,"date":"2005-07-26T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2005-07-26T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/2005\/07\/26\/notre-samizdat-plus-que-jamais\/"},"modified":"2005-07-26T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2005-07-26T00:00:00","slug":"notre-samizdat-plus-que-jamais","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/2005\/07\/26\/notre-samizdat-plus-que-jamais\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201cNotre samizdat<\/em>\u201d, plus que jamais\u2026"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00ab\u00a0Notre samizdat<\/em>\u00ab\u00a0, plus que jamais…<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n

26 juillet 2005 — L’utilisation d’Internet comme source d’information aux Etats-Unis ne cesse de s’affirmer, de s’imposer, etc. Ci-dessous, nous reproduisons un texte sur l’\u00e9volution de cette situation, avec l’observation centrale tout \u00e0 fait exceptionnelle que 24% des Am\u00e9ricains placent Internet comme leur principale source d’information.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

(Le texte ci-apr\u00e8s est extrait du site The Pew Internet and American Life Project<\/a> qui recense les informations concernant l’activit\u00e9 du Web<\/em>.)<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

« The internet continues to grow as a source of news for Americans. One-in-four (24%) list the internet as a main source of news. Roughly the same number (23%) say they go online for news every day, up from 15% in 2000; the percentage checking the web for news at least once a week has grown from 33% to 44% over the same time period.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

» While online news consumption is highest among young people (those under age 30), it is not an activity that is limited to the very young. Three-in-ten Americans ages 30-49 cite the internet as a main source of news.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

» The importance of the web for people in their working years is even more apparent when the frequency of use is taken into account. One-third of people in their 30s say they get news online every day, as do 27% of people in their 40s. Nearly a quarter of people in their 50s get news online daily, about the same rate as among people ages 18-29.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

» But what of the growing online presence of both national and local newspapers? How important an element are newspapers as part of the overall mix of internet news sources?<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

» The current study includes two measures that provide some insight into this growing news source. First, by a 90%-6% margin, respondents who say they rely on newspapers as a main source almost universally mean the printed version of the paper, not the online version. Second, when respondents cite the internet as a main source, most are including their use of online newspapers. Fully 62% of internet news consumers say they read the websites of local or national newspapers.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

» Combined, these questions indicate that while 40% of Americans count the printed newspaper as a main source of news, another 16% are reading newspapers as part of their internet news consumption. The relevance of online newspaper readership is most important among younger Americans. While only about a third of those under age 40 count the printed newspaper as a main source of news (compared with half of those age 50 and older), another 20% say the online version is at least a part of their internet use. While younger people tend to consume far less news overall than their seniors, newspapers – in one form or another – remain a key part of the media mix for majorities in all age groups.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

» Convenience is more important than cost in explaining why many Americans are reading the paper online instead of in print. Among those who say they read the web-version of the newspaper, 73% cite convenience, compared with just 8% who do so because it is free. Most Americans say they are reading the print version as much (50%) or more often (12%) than they did before they began reading the paper online. But 35% say the printed newspaper is something they look at less often now that they are using newspapers’ websites.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

» Visitors to newspaper websites are starkly different from print newspaper readers in terms of their demographics, but not their politics. In addition to being much younger than readers of printed newspapers, the online newspaper audience is mostly male, wealthy, and highly educated. Nearly half of web- newspaper readers have college degrees, compared with 27% of those who rely on print, and one-in-five have household incomes of over $100,000.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

» People who mostly use newspaper websites instead of newspapers are more likely to describe themselves as liberal (30% vs. 20%, respectively), but are no more likely to think of themselves as Democrats, and divided their votes between Bush and Kerry in the 2004 election along almost precisely the same lines as regular newspaper readers.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

» Where the views of online newspaper readers differ more dramatically is in their evaluations of mainstream media organizations. People who read the newspaper online have a far less favorable opinion of network and local TV news programming than do people who read the print version, and also have a somewhat less favorable view of the daily newspaper they are most familiar with. But consumers of online newspapers feel far more favorably toward large nationally influential newspapers, such as the New York Times and the Washington Post.<\/em> »<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

D’une fa\u00e7on g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, il s’agit d’une situation particuli\u00e8rement remarquable d’\u00e9volution de la fr\u00e9quentation d’Internet pour rechercher des informations, d’ailleurs dans un contexte d’acc\u00e8s g\u00e9n\u00e9ral \u00e0 Internet \u00e9galement en progression. (« On a typical day at the end of 2004, some 70 million American adults logged onto the Internet to use email, get news, access government information, check out health and medical information, participate in auctions, book travel reservations, research their genealogy, gamble, seek out romantic partners, and engage in countless other activities. That represents a 37 percent increase from the 51 million Americans who were online on an average day in 2000 when the Pew Internet & American Life Project began its study of online life.<\/em> »)<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Cette \u00e9volution soul\u00e8ve des questions importantes et int\u00e9ressantes, quant \u00e0 l’attitude politique des Am\u00e9ricains. On sait que cette attitude est en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral d\u00e9finie par une vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 extr\u00eame \u00e0 la d\u00e9sinformation du syst\u00e8me, notamment du gouvernement relay\u00e9 par la grande presse (mainstream<\/em>). Cet acc\u00e8s grandissant \u00e0 Internet, avec la confiance grandissante des \u00ab\u00a0internautes\u00a0\u00bb dans les sources consult\u00e9es sur le Web<\/em>, est en train de modifier en profondeur cette situation. Internet apporte un \u00e9l\u00e9ment fondamental, et grandissant chaque jour comme on le note, de perte de contr\u00f4le de l’information officielle sur les citoyens am\u00e9ricains. Le fait est renforc\u00e9 par le constat de l’augmentation des lecteurs de la presse \u00e9crite qui consultent leurs journaux online<\/em>, ce qui accroît dans ce cas \u00e9galement la possibilit\u00e9 qu’ils consultent, par proximit\u00e9, curiosit\u00e9 ou accident des sources alternatives sur le Web<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

C’est surtout le caract\u00e8re m\u00eame de la perte de contr\u00f4le des autorit\u00e9s officielles qui importe. L’un des piliers du syst\u00e8me am\u00e9ricaniste est, justement, le contr\u00f4le indirectement exerc\u00e9 sur les citoyens par l’assurance que les journaux papiers suivent en gros la ligne officielle. Ce pilier fondamental se trouve aujourd’hui menac\u00e9. L’ampleur des chiffres cit\u00e9s est effectivement tr\u00e8s marquante ; mais l’important est surtout le fait qu’Internet est en soi, par sa diversit\u00e9, sa multiplicit\u00e9, son acc\u00e8s illimit\u00e9 et la facilit\u00e9 avec laquelle quiconque peut \u00e9tablir un site pouvant devenir une source d’information, un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne par d\u00e9finition incontr\u00f4lable par le syst\u00e8me m\u00eame s’il est identifi\u00e9. En r\u00e9duire ou en r\u00e9glementer l’acc\u00e8s est aujourd’hui une t\u00e2che quasiment impossible, d’autant qu’elle interf\u00e8re avec trop d’int\u00e9r\u00eats du syst\u00e8me plac\u00e9s dans le d\u00e9veloppement d’Internet et son acc\u00e8s libre. (Ne pas oublier que la libert\u00e9, — non pas la vertu mais bien le moyen de l’expansion de l’\u00e9conomie, donc du profit, — est une condition centrale de fonctionnement du syst\u00e8me.)<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Cette question de l’information sur Internet est une inconnue particuli\u00e8rement importante, aujourd’hui, de l’\u00e9volution du syst\u00e8me am\u00e9ricaniste. A partir du moment où le syst\u00e8me n’exerce plus un contr\u00f4le absolu, ou dans tous les cas substantiellement majoritaire, sur l’information, \u00e0 partir du moment où il ignore dans quelle direction \u00e9voluent les opinions qui lui \u00e9chappent ainsi, il entre dans une zone d’instabilit\u00e9 tr\u00e8s dangereuse. Il est \u00e9videmment impossible pour l’instant de faire des pr\u00e9visions sur les effets concrets de cette instabilit\u00e9, ce qui est un autre d\u00e9savantage pour le syst\u00e8me qui ignore quelles contre-mesures mettre en place. Internet est plus que jamais \u00ab\u00a0Notre Samizdat\u00a0\u00bb<\/a> que nous glorifions depuis 1999<\/a>, — notre principale possibilit\u00e9 de r\u00e9sistance.<\/p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00ab\u00a0Notre samizdat\u00ab\u00a0, plus que jamais… 26 juillet 2005 — L’utilisation d’Internet comme source d’information aux Etats-Unis ne cesse de s’affirmer, de s’imposer, etc. Ci-dessous, nous reproduisons un texte sur l’\u00e9volution de cette situation, avec l’observation centrale tout \u00e0 fait exceptionnelle que 24% des Am\u00e9ricains placent Internet comme leur principale source d’information. (Le texte ci-apr\u00e8s est… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[60,2984],"class_list":["post-66631","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-faits-et-commentaires","tag-internet","tag-samizdat"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66631","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=66631"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66631\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=66631"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=66631"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=66631"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}