{"id":66831,"date":"2005-09-17T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2005-09-17T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/2005\/09\/17\/ce-que-la-crise-climatique-signifie\/"},"modified":"2005-09-17T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2005-09-17T00:00:00","slug":"ce-que-la-crise-climatique-signifie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/2005\/09\/17\/ce-que-la-crise-climatique-signifie\/","title":{"rendered":"<strong><em>Ce que la crise climatique signifie<\/em><\/strong>"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><h2 class=\"common-article\">Ce que la crise climatique signifie<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><p>\t17 septembre 2005  Le quotidien <em>The Independent<\/em>, qui a une tradition d&rsquo;extr\u00eame sensibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 la question de la crise climatique (<em>global warming<\/em>), publie <a href=\"http:\/\/news.independent.co.uk\/world\/science_technology\/article312997.ece\" class=\"gen\">le 16 septembre un article<\/a> extr\u00eamement alarmiste sur cette question, mais \u00e0 partir de constats scientifiques pr\u00e9cis. Le th\u00e8me est clairement: nous sommes entr\u00e9s dans la crise climatique, le climat a compl\u00e8tement bascul\u00e9 au travers d&rsquo;un processus vicieux li\u00e9 \u00e0 la fonte des glaces arctiques qui alimente d\u00e9sormais de fa\u00e7on irr\u00e9versible cette crise (\u00ab <em>an irreversible phase of warming which will accelerate the loss of the polar sea ice that has helped to keep the climate stable for thousands of years.<\/em> \u00bb)<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t<em>The Independent<\/em> observe :<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00ab <em>A record loss of sea ice in the Arctic this summer has convinced scientists that the northern hemisphere may have crossed a critical threshold beyond which the climate may never recover. Scientists fear that the Arctic has now entered an irreversible phase of warming which will accelerate the loss of the polar sea ice that has helped to keep the climate stable for thousands of years. They believe global warming is melting Arctic ice so rapidly that the region is beginning to absorb more heat from the sun, causing the ice to melt still further and so reinforcing a vicious cycle of melting and heating.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb <em>The greatest fear is that the Arctic has reached a tipping point beyond which nothing can reverse the continual loss of sea ice and with it the massive land glaciers of Greenland, which will raise sea levels dramatically.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb <em>Satellites monitoring the Arctic have found that the extent of the sea ice this August has reached its lowest monthly point on record, dipping an unprecedented 18.2 per cent below the long-term average. Experts believe that such a loss of Arctic sea ice in summer has not occurred in hundreds and possibly thousands of years. It is the fourth year in a row that the sea ice in August has fallen below the monthly downward trend  a clear sign that melting has accelerated.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb <em>Scientists are now preparing to report a record loss of Arctic sea ice for September, when the surface area covered by the ice traditionally reaches its minimum extent at the end of the summer melting period. Sea ice naturally melts in summer and reforms in winter but for the first time on record this annual rebound did not occur last winter when the ice of the Arctic failed to recover significantly.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb <em>Arctic specialists at the US National Snow and Ice Data Centre at Colorado University, who have documented the gradual loss of polar sea ice since 1978, believe that a more dramatic melt began about four years ago. In September 2002 the sea ice coverage of the Arctic reached its lowest level in recorded history. Such lows have normally been followed the next year by a rebound to more normal levels, but this did not occur in the summers of either 2003 or 2004. This summer has been even worse. The surface area covered by sea ice was at a record monthly minimum for each of the summer months  June, July and now August.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb <em>Scientists analysing the latest satellite data for September  the traditional minimum extent for each summer  are preparing to announce a significant shift in the stability of the Arctic sea ice, the northern hemisphere&rsquo;s major heat sink that moderates climatic extremes. The changes we&rsquo;ve seen in the Arctic over the past few decades are nothing short of remarkable, said Mark Serreze, one of the scientists at the Snow and Ice Data Centre who monitor Arctic sea ice.<\/em> \u00bb<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><p>\tComment interpr\u00e9ter cette annonce ?<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t&bull; On peut d\u00e9battre sur l&rsquo;aspect scientifique de l&rsquo;\u00e9v\u00e9nement, notamment son interpr\u00e9tation (les donn\u00e9es objectives \u00e9tant ce qu&rsquo;elles sont). Certains (une minorit\u00e9 sans doute) la contesteront dans sa globalit\u00e9 ; d&rsquo;autres contesteront les effets du r\u00e9chauffement climatique par rapport \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9v\u00e9nement annonc\u00e9. Tous reconna\u00eetront n\u00e9anmoins que les facteurs s&rsquo;accumulent pour faire penser que la crise climatique commence \u00e0 entrer, ou est d&rsquo;ores et d\u00e9j\u00e0 entr\u00e9e dans sa phase active. Cette approche rationnelle n&rsquo;est pas spectaculaire, et rejette d&rsquo;ailleurs l&rsquo;aspect spectaculaire ; pour autant, elle ne parvient pas \u00e0 dissimuler la force et l&rsquo;ampleur de l&rsquo;\u00e9v\u00e9nement tout en ne parvenant pas \u00e0 en rendre compte de fa\u00e7on satisfaisante.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t&bull; On peut sp\u00e9culer sur les effets politiques de l&rsquo;\u00e9v\u00e9nement, au sens le plus large du mot politique. Quels vont \u00eatre les effets sur la marche globale de l&rsquo;\u00e9conomie, sur les relations internationales ? Comment vont r\u00e9agir les forces politiques, les nations et groupes de nations ? Quelles sortes de tensions va g\u00e9n\u00e9rer cette \u00e9volution de l&rsquo;environnement ? Et ainsi de suite. Cette sorte de sp\u00e9culation \u00e9largit sans aucun doute la vision avec l&rsquo;intervention d&rsquo;autres domaines que le strict domaine scientifique. Pour autant, elle se trouve devant un dilemme puisqu&rsquo;elle ne parvient pas \u00e0 rendre compte de l&rsquo;ampleur de l&rsquo;\u00e9v\u00e9nement bien qu&rsquo;elle la sugg\u00e8re de fa\u00e7on tr\u00e8s appuy\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t&bull; Ce sont des approches conventionnelles, compr\u00e9hensibles voire estimables, mais qui nous paraissent plut\u00f4t faibles et de toutes les fa\u00e7ons insuffisantes. Comme on l&rsquo;a d\u00e9j\u00e0 observ\u00e9, leur principale faiblesse est qu&rsquo;elles ne parviennent que tr\u00e8s difficilement \u00e0 rendre compte de la grandeur de l&rsquo;\u00e9v\u00e9nement et, surtout, elles sont impuissantes \u00e0 en saisir la substance. <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t&bull; Une autre approche propose une vision historique diff\u00e9rente, une vision historique qui se r\u00e9f\u00e8re \u00e0 une perception de l&rsquo;Histoire sortie du cadre conventionnel qu&rsquo;on a de l&rsquo;id\u00e9e de l&rsquo;Histoire. Cette approche poursuit et \u00e9largit la crise de l&rsquo;ouragan Katrina aux USA dans ce qu&rsquo;elle a eu <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dedefensa.org\/article.php?art_id=1896\" class=\"gen\">aussit\u00f4t d&rsquo;extraordinaire<\/a>,  une crise qu&rsquo;on peut qualifier de politique et peut-\u00eatre m\u00eame d&rsquo;historique n\u00e9e quasi-instantan\u00e9ment d&rsquo;un \u00e9v\u00e9nement caus\u00e9 par la nature (on parle d\u00e9j\u00e0 d&rsquo;une \u00e8re post-Katrina, comme dans cette citation du <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dedefensa.org\/article.php?art_id=1965\" class=\"gen\">Guardian du 12 septembre<\/a>, \u00e0 propos de l&rsquo;Irak : \u00ab <em>Post-Katrina, the question is not whether the US will begin to withdraw  but when, how and, above all, with what damage.<\/em> \u00bb).<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t&bull; La nouvelle annonc\u00e9e par <em>The Independent<\/em> nous annonce que nous sommes entr\u00e9s dans une p\u00e9riode historique sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent par une conjonction contradictoire extraordinaire : d&rsquo;un c\u00f4t\u00e9, la puissance des d\u00e9veloppements humains fait penser,  et c&rsquo;est m\u00eame une croyance pour certains,  que l&rsquo;homme est parvenu \u00e0 la ma\u00eetrise de son environnement. D&rsquo;autre part, des \u00e9v\u00e9nements, de Katrina \u00e0 cette annonce de <em>The Independent<\/em>, dans une conjonction symbolique par la proximit\u00e9 chronologique, nous montrent que l&rsquo;homme perd tout contr\u00f4le de son environnement \u00e0 cause d&rsquo;une v\u00e9ritable r\u00e9volte de cet environnement (les facteurs qui ont aid\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00ab <em>to keep the climate stable for thousands of years<\/em> \u00bb sont en train de dispara\u00eetre),  r\u00e9volte dont lui-m\u00eame, l&rsquo;homme, porte une grande part de responsabilit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tNous atteignons un moment de l&rsquo;Histoire o\u00f9 l&rsquo;affrontement entre ces deux mondes atteint son paroxysme. Bien entendu, l&rsquo;identit\u00e9 des deux mondes, qui n&rsquo;ont rien \u00e0 voir avec la <em>Revue<\/em> du m\u00eame nom, rend cet affrontement compl\u00e8tement extraordinaire. Il s&rsquo;agit de l&rsquo;affrontement entre le monde cr\u00e9\u00e9 par l&rsquo;homme et le monde de la nature. L&rsquo;un des signes les plus convaincants de l&rsquo;ampleur et de l&rsquo;originalit\u00e9 de la crise est justement l&rsquo;existence de la crise, qui pr\u00e9suppose qu&rsquo;il y a \u00e9videmment deux mondes \u00e0 pr\u00e9tentions \u00e9galement universelles, et qui s&rsquo;affrontent d\u00e9sormais ouvertement.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ce que la crise climatique signifie 17 septembre 2005 Le quotidien The Independent, qui a une tradition d&rsquo;extr\u00eame sensibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 la question de la crise climatique (global warming), publie le 16 septembre un article extr\u00eamement alarmiste sur cette question, mais \u00e0 partir de constats scientifiques pr\u00e9cis. Le th\u00e8me est clairement: nous sommes entr\u00e9s dans la&hellip;&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[1368],"class_list":["post-66831","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-faits-et-commentaires","tag-katrina"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66831","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=66831"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66831\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=66831"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=66831"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=66831"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}