{"id":67016,"date":"2005-11-16T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2005-11-16T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/2005\/11\/16\/le-tournant-damman-119-apres-911\/"},"modified":"2005-11-16T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2005-11-16T00:00:00","slug":"le-tournant-damman-119-apres-911","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/2005\/11\/16\/le-tournant-damman-119-apres-911\/","title":{"rendered":"<strong><em>Le tournant d&rsquo;Amman : 11\/9 apr\u00e8s 9\/11?<\/em><\/strong>"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><h2 class=\"common-article\">Le tournant d&rsquo;Amman : 11\/9 apr\u00e8s 9\/11?<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><p>\t16 novembre 2005  Apr\u00e8s plusieurs jours de r\u00e9flexion et d&rsquo;appr\u00e9ciation, il appara\u00eet que les attentats d&rsquo;Amman du 9 novembre (11\/9) pourraient \u00eatre per\u00e7us comme un tournant tr\u00e8s important du terrorisme international rassembl\u00e9 autour d&rsquo;Al Qa\u00efda (r\u00e9alit\u00e9 ou concept, peu importe en l&rsquo;occurrence). Qui plus est, le symbolisme est tentant et semble favoriser cette r\u00e9flexion: 11\/9 (9 novembre, selon la terminologie US) apr\u00e8s 9\/11 (11 septembre [2001]).<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tPlusieurs choses ont \u00e9t\u00e9 mises en \u00e9vidence \u00e0 cette occasion :<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t&bull; L&rsquo;intervention contre un pays voisin \u00e0 partir d&rsquo;Irak.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t&bull; L&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 des attaques, peut-\u00eatre <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dedefensa.org\/article.php?art_id=2155\" class=\"gen\">avec l&rsquo;aide de militaires jordaniens<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t&bull; L&rsquo;insistance fr\u00e9n\u00e9tique des sources terroristes, notamment celles qui paraissent venir d&rsquo;Al Qa\u00efda ou y \u00eatre apparent\u00e9es, \u00e0 revendiquer l&rsquo;op\u00e9ration.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tUn article de Rami G. Khouri, du journal <em>Daily Star<\/em> de Beyrouth, article publi\u00e9 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.iht.com\/articles\/2005\/11\/14\/opinion\/edkhouri.php\" class=\"gen\">le 14 novembre dans l&rsquo;International Herald Tribune<\/a>, illustre bien cette impression de l&rsquo;importance essentielle des attentats de Amman. \u00ab <em>Just as 9\/11 was Osama bin Laden and Al Qaeda&rsquo;s declaration of war against the United States and others accused of encroaching on the Islamic realm, the 11\/9 attacks last week should be seen as a war cry within the narrower Arab realm.<\/em> \u00bb<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tL&rsquo;article d\u00e9taille les \u00e9l\u00e9ments bien connus qui conduisent \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9vidence que l&rsquo;intervention US en Irak a accru consid\u00e9rablement les capacit\u00e9s et l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 des terrorismes, notamment en offrant une base de soutien pour ces terroristes, dans un Irak que personne ne contr\u00f4le. (Cette base de soutien, l&rsquo;Irak, beaucoup mieux plac\u00e9e que l&rsquo;Afghanistan pour porter le fer incandescent du terrorisme dans la r\u00e9gion qui en est \u00e0 la fois la matrice et l&rsquo;objectif naturel.) Khouri observe : \u00ab <em>The critical political and operational point is that American-dominated Iraq has provided the environment of occupation, resistance, violence and chaos that has made that country the base for attracting and training terrorists.<\/em> \u00bb<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tKhouri est alors conduit \u00e0 la sempiternelle question qui hante les pays arabes mod\u00e9r\u00e9s et pro-am\u00e9ricains : la lutte contre le terrorisme est une \u00e9vidence mais peut-elle \u00eatre men\u00e9e dans le cadre que proposent,  voire, qu&rsquo;imposent les Am\u00e9ricains? C&rsquo;est le dilemme qui d\u00e9chire les dirigeants de ces pays depuis quelques d\u00e9cennies, qui s&rsquo;est aggrav\u00e9 consid\u00e9rablement depuis 9\/11,  qui arrive peut-\u00eatre \u00e0 sa phase finale avec 11\/9 \u00ab <em>The Jordanian public has reacted strongly, condemning terrorism and lauding Jordan&rsquo;s refusal to give in to the terrorists&rsquo; demands. Yet ordinary Jordanians who are repulsed by terror against civilians share the dilemma of most other Arabs about how to react to this ugly phenomenon. That is because they also strongly reject the rationale for and conduct of American policies in Iraq, which seem to have accelerated the terror threat against many Arab regimes and societies.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb <em>Supporting the U.S.-led global war on terror is an unattractive and uncomfortable option for most ordinary Arabs, for two reasons. First, many Arabs feel that American policies have promoted rather than reduced terror in the Middle East. The Jordanian commentator Jamil Nimri stated succinctly in the Amman daily Al-Ghad last week: The United States&rsquo; policy in fighting terrorism has made terrorism even worse and has widened its circle. We are the ones paying the price. Second, ordinary Arabs find it hard to support the United States in Iraq or elsewhere when Washington&rsquo;s pro-Israeli position in the Israel-Palestine conflict has caused such pain and turmoil throughout the region  including indirectly pushing some Arab youth into the hands of bin Laden and Zarqawi.<\/em> \u00bb<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tLes craintes non exprim\u00e9es de ces pays arabes avec leurs dirigeants coinc\u00e9s dans leur dilemme concernent d&rsquo;abord, pour l&rsquo;imm\u00e9diat et pour l&rsquo;aspect concret du terrain de la lutte arm\u00e9e, cette id\u00e9e qui est exprim\u00e9e en passant, de fa\u00e7on semble-t-il accessoire mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 fondamentale, dans ces remarques de Khouri : \u00ab <em>The main point of 11\/9 in Amman is not about the specific attack, but the wider war it portends. Zarqawi&rsquo;s group planned, carried out and took credit for this attack in Jordan, signaling a determination to pursue the ideological and military assault on America-friendly Arab regimes that bin Ladenists have called for in recent years.<\/em> \u00bb<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tLa question implicite est pos\u00e9e: n&rsquo;allons-nous pas, pensent ces dirigeants arabes, devoir affronter une v\u00e9ritable guerre (<em>the wider war<\/em>)? Ils se trouveraient alors dans l&rsquo;obligation de choisir. Tout ce qu&rsquo;ils sont et tout ce qu&rsquo;ils ont fait et font, en plus des circonstances elles-m\u00eames, conduisent \u00e0 conclure qu&rsquo;ils choisiraient de s&rsquo;engager \u00e0 fond dans la guerre am\u00e9ricaine, aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Am\u00e9ricains. Ils se trouveront aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s d&rsquo;un partenaire incontournable, mais \u00e9galement insupportable, dont la puissance d\u00e9cro\u00eet, dont les erreurs dans la guerre contre la terreur ne cessent de s&rsquo;accumuler et s&rsquo;accumuleront encore plus. Ils se trouveront ainsi devant des perspectives de d\u00e9stabilisation int\u00e9rieure, \u00e0 cause du sentiment anti-am\u00e9ricain du public, qui les affolent d\u00e9j\u00e0.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tCe sc\u00e9nario est-il possible? Tout est possible dans l&rsquo;\u00e9poque pr\u00e9sente o\u00f9 la d\u00e9finition m\u00eame du mot guerre est en d\u00e9bat ; par cons\u00e9quent, ce sc\u00e9nario-l\u00e0 ou un autre, mais avec l&rsquo;incertitude qu&rsquo;on constate. Par contre, une certitude est d&rsquo;ores et d\u00e9j\u00e0 en train de s&rsquo;installer: la crainte de ces dirigeants arabes d&rsquo;un affrontement prenant presque les allures d&rsquo;une guerre. C&rsquo;est une perception mais, aujourd&rsquo;hui, les perceptions plus que les faits font les crises.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le tournant d&rsquo;Amman : 11\/9 apr\u00e8s 9\/11? 16 novembre 2005 Apr\u00e8s plusieurs jours de r\u00e9flexion et d&rsquo;appr\u00e9ciation, il appara\u00eet que les attentats d&rsquo;Amman du 9 novembre (11\/9) pourraient \u00eatre per\u00e7us comme un tournant tr\u00e8s important du terrorisme international rassembl\u00e9 autour d&rsquo;Al Qa\u00efda (r\u00e9alit\u00e9 ou concept, peu importe en l&rsquo;occurrence). Qui plus est, le symbolisme est&hellip;&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-67016","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-faits-et-commentaires"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/67016","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=67016"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/67016\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=67016"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=67016"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=67016"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}