{"id":67446,"date":"2006-04-12T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2006-04-12T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/2006\/04\/12\/la-crise-us-de-limmigration-a-la-lumiere-de-la-religion\/"},"modified":"2006-04-12T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2006-04-12T00:00:00","slug":"la-crise-us-de-limmigration-a-la-lumiere-de-la-religion","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/2006\/04\/12\/la-crise-us-de-limmigration-a-la-lumiere-de-la-religion\/","title":{"rendered":"La crise US de l’immigration \u00e0 la lumi\u00e8re de la religion<\/em><\/strong>"},"content":{"rendered":"

La crise US de l’immigration \u00e0 la lumi\u00e8re de la religion<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\t12 avril 2006 La politique int\u00e9rieure US ne cesse d’entraver gravement toutes les possibilit\u00e9s de r\u00e9solution ou d’arrangement dans les affaires importantes en \u00e9tat de tension. L’impossibilit\u00e9 du Congr\u00e8s (du S\u00e9nat) de parvenir \u00e0 un accord sur un compromis de loi sur l’immigration (l\u00e9galisation des 11-12 millions d’immigrants ill\u00e9gaux, essentiellement mexicains) est une indication tr\u00e8s s\u00e9rieuse du blocage du syst\u00e8me. Cet \u00e9chec, alors que tout avait \u00e9t\u00e9 m\u00e9nag\u00e9 pour parvenir \u00e0 un compromis entre d\u00e9mocrates et r\u00e9publicains, laisse ouverte d’une fa\u00e7on pressante une crise potentiellement tr\u00e8s grave.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\tBill Van Auken, du site WSWS.org<\/a>, juge s\u00e9v\u00e8rement ce comportement des parlementaires:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00ab The bill accepted by the Democratic and Republican leaders represented in essence a reprise of similar legislation enacted in 1986 under the Republican administration of President Ronald Reagan. However, given the host of repressive initiatives on the border and an even less generous offer for legalizing undocumented workers already in the country, the measure was considerably more reactionary. The fact that such a piece of legislation would be accepted by the Democratic Party and then scuttled by anti-immigrant opponents is a measure of how far the US political establishment has swung to the right in the past two decades.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00bb That the Senate should fail to enact even the most minimal reform in the face of the demonstrations that have brought millions into the streets demanding just treatment for immigrant workers is likewise an indication of how distant the two-party system has become from the interests of masses of ordinary working people.<\/em> \u00bb<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\tLes divers aspects de la pol\u00e9mique qui s’est enflamm\u00e9e ces derniers mois entre partisans et adversaires de lois et de mesures contraignantes contre l’immigration ill\u00e9gale, celle qui est d’ores et d\u00e9j\u00e0 accomplie et celle qui se poursuit, restent en place. Une l\u00e9gislation beaucoup plus r\u00e9pressive que celle du S\u00e9nat a d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 vot\u00e9e \u00e0 la Chambre et pourrait \u00eatre introduite par petits morceaux. Les perspectives sont peu encourageantes. Voici ce que note Van Auken : \u00ab The breakdown of the Senate deal, however, makes it highly unlikely that any comprehensive legislation will be approved this year. After scuttling the bill, the Congress began its two-week spring vacation and no new date has been set for considering immigration legislation. What is now likely is that the repressive sections of the House bill will be introduced piecemeal under the banner of national security and the war on terror, which has already been utilized to terrorize foreign-born workers and deprive immigrants of civil liberties.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00bb The US financial elite and the two parties that represent its intereststhe Democrats and Republicanshave neither the interest nor the ability to resolve the issues raised by the historic growth of immigration to the US in a democratic and socially progressive manner.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00bb Their chief concernsand the source of their bitter differences on the issueare contradictory. On the one hand, they want to assure big business a steady supply of cheap labor from immigrants who are forced to leave their own countries by the desperate conditions created by global finance capital, and who are deprived of basic rights in this country. At the same time, however, they want to use immigrant workers as scapegoats to divert popular anger over growing social inequality, the scarcity of decent-paying jobs and the attacks on healthcare, education and other social programs.<\/em> \u00bb<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\tLes immigrants ill\u00e9gaux et, en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, les organisations latinos<\/em> ont relanc\u00e9 leurs manifestations (voir ci-dessous). Le probl\u00e8me de l’immigration ill\u00e9gale, qui porte en soi la question plus g\u00e9n\u00e9rale et r\u00e9ellement d\u00e9stabilisatrice de la place de l’immigration d’origine latino<\/em> aux Etats-Unis, est d\u00e9sormais promis \u00e0 s’aggraver. L’\u00e9pisode qui vient de se terminer montre que le Congr\u00e8s est impuissant devant une situation qui le divise, en m\u00eame temps qu’il est sollicit\u00e9 par ses int\u00e9r\u00eats \u00e9lectoraux. Dans la situation politique actuelle de grande tension, les \u00e9lections de novembre vont rapidement laisser place \u00e0 une p\u00e9riode pr\u00e9-\u00e9lectorale pour les pr\u00e9sidentielles. Les m\u00eames conditions emp\u00eachant un r\u00e8glement g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de la crise existeront et m\u00eame s’aggraveront. Devant ce blocage, des voies diff\u00e9rentes que la seule voie l\u00e9gislative peuvent \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9es. \u00ab The sleeping Latino giant has finally awakened<\/em> \u00bb, ce jugement<\/a> d’un conseiller municipal de Brooklyn, Felix Ortiz, apr\u00e8s les manifestations du 25 mars<\/a>, pourrait prendre une dimension nouvelle aux Etats-Unis.<\/p>\n

Nouvelles manifestations<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\tUne autre s\u00e9rie de manifestations importantes a eu lieu de samedi \u00e0 lundi aux Etats-Unis. D’abord pr\u00e9vues pour saluer la victoire attendue de la nouvelle loi au S\u00e9nat, elles se sont transform\u00e9es en un mouvement de protestation massif. Quelques pr\u00e9cisions par WSWS.org<\/a>:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00ab Well over a million immigrant workers and their supporters joined marches and rallies in cities from coast to coast beginning Sunday and continuing Monday to protest against reactionary legislation approved by one house of Congress that would treat undocumented workers in the USas well as anyone who provides them with aid or supportas criminal felons.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00bb On Sunday, an estimated half a million people filled the streets of Dallas, Texas, one of the largest rallies in the country. Hundreds of thousands also took to the streets Monday in New York City, where demonstrators filled the pavement from City Hall to Canal Street, some 15 city blocks, while in Washington, hundreds of thousands more packed the Mall facing the US Capitol Building.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00bb Demonstrations took place in well over 100 other cities and towns, including massive turnouts in cities like Houston, Philadelphia, Los Angeles, Phoenix and Atlanta. In this last city, the turnout was fed by anger over state legislation about to be signed by Gov. Sonny Perdue that would deny all basic state-administered services to immigrants who fail to prove they are in the country legally.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00bb Smaller towns, meanwhile, saw unprecedented crowds taking to the streets, For example, in Garden City, Kansas, a farming community of 30,000 in the southwest of the state, more than 3,000 people demonstrated.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00bb Throughout the country, the mood at the demonstrations was one of anger and defiance against a political establishment that has attempted to whip up anti-immigrant sentiment as a means of diverting increasing social tensions over declining living standards and attacks on basic social conditions.<\/em> \u00bb<\/p>\n

Le facteur catholique<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\tCette situation nous semble justifier d’introduire un \u00e9l\u00e9ment nouveau, ou plut\u00f4t un \u00e9l\u00e9ment jusqu’ici laiss\u00e9 au second plan. Cet \u00e9l\u00e9ment est mis indirectement en \u00e9vidence par un article du Financial Times<\/a> du 7 avril, sur l’action du cardinal Roger Mahoney de Los Angeles dans cette bataille de l’immigration.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00ab Cardinal Roger Mahony has been here before, offering moral, political and spiritual support to poor, often undocumented and exploited Latinos and suffering for it. But whereas today he is emerging as a controversial figurehead of the national drive for humane immigration reform, in the 1960s he was a lowly rural priest at the side of Cesar Chavez, founder of the United Farmworkers’ union and a labour movement hero. The clergyman’s defiance of the farm lobby and the likes of the Teamsters earned him death threats and slashed tyres on his bomb-proofed car.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00bb Now he is leader of an estimated 5m Roman Catholics in Los Angeles, drawing flak from conservative pundits for his edict that priests should break any laws making it a crime to help so-called illegal immigrants. He is variously accused of grandstanding to divert attention from his fumbled handling of the deluge of child molestation charges against priests, or of pandering to popular feeling to bring dwindling congregations back to church.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00bb But the 70-year-old cardinal is even better armoured this time. Inside the church and out, he is known for political skills and connections that evolved from his 1975 appointment as inaugural chairman of a farm labour authority that implemented far-reaching reforms. His supporters in the current struggle against tighter proposed restrictions on illegal immigrants include powerful business and political leaders in Los Angeles, such as Richard Riordan, a former venture capitalist and city mayor. Antonio Villaraigosa, the popular current mayor, is also on his side.<\/em> \u00bb<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\tLa principale r\u00e9action au vote du S\u00e9nat a \u00e9t\u00e9 celle de ce m\u00eame Mahoney : \u00ab I am deeply desappointed… I urge the Senate leadership, as well as President George W. Bush, to reach an agreement which will allow the compromise agreement to go forward in the process… The reason we have some 11 million undocumented peoples living and working in this country is precisely the lack of a thorough humane and just immigrant policy.<\/em> \u00bb La mise en lumi\u00e8re de l’intervention et de la place de cette personnalit\u00e9, de ce cardinal des latinos<\/em> dans la crise de l’immigration conduit \u00e0 signaler une autre dimension de cette crise. <\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t70% des catholiques am\u00e9ricains se trouvent \u00e0 l’Ouest des Rocheuses et plus de la moiti\u00e9 de ces 70% sont d’origine latino<\/em>. L’\u00e9volution de la situation sociale aux USA et l’impact de cette \u00e9volution sur le monde catholique aux USA conduisent \u00e0 une situation o\u00f9 les latinos<\/em> vont devenir tr\u00e8s largement majoritaires dans cette religion, position (la majorit\u00e9) qu’ils atteignent d\u00e9j\u00e0. Le simple effet de leur accroissement beaucoup plus rapide (combinaison de l’immigration et de la d\u00e9mographie tr\u00e8s active) au sein de la population des USA en est l’explication \u00e9vidente. Un facteur compl\u00e9mentaire de ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne statistique, qui donne \u00e0 ce dernier toute sa puissance et sa signification, est la ferveur et le dynamisme religieux des catholiques d’origine latino<\/em>. (On peut la comparer en intensit\u00e9 \u00e0 celle des chr\u00e9tiens \u00e9vang\u00e9listes US.) On comprend qu’il s’agit d’un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne religieux qui s’\u00e9largit \u00e9videmment aux domaines sociologique et culturel. Nous ne sommes plus loin du politique, si nous n’y sommes d\u00e9j\u00e0.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\tL’identit\u00e9 de la communaut\u00e9 latino-am\u00e9ricaine va de plus en plus, et tr\u00e8s rapidement, \u00eatre identifi\u00e9e au monde catholique am\u00e9ricain. Le processus sera renforc\u00e9 par le fait que cette religion-l\u00e0 est, dans le contexte am\u00e9ricaniste, un puissant moyen d’identification pour une communaut\u00e9 qui entend affirmer son identit\u00e9 par tous les moyens possibles. L’inverse est probable sinon in\u00e9luctable: l’\u00e9volution de l’\u00e9glise catholique US vers une latinisation acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9e. Le cardinal Mahoney, le gringo<\/em> le plus immens\u00e9ment populaire chez les latino-am\u00e9ricains des USA, est l’arch\u00e9type du pr\u00e9lat de transition aux USA, avant la possible apparition de dirigeants religieux catholiques US eux-m\u00eames d’origine latino<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\tIl s’agit d’une \u00e9volution fondamentale dans un pays o\u00f9 la religion joue un r\u00f4le lui-m\u00eame si fondamental. Par son caract\u00e8re spectaculaire et structurant, cette \u00e9volution ira beaucoup plus vite que l’\u00e9volution d\u00e9mographique. Elle est appel\u00e9e \u00e9videmment \u00e0 prendre une signification et un poids politiques dans un contexte o\u00f9 la religion joue un r\u00f4le politique renouvel\u00e9 (r\u00f4le des chr\u00e9tiens \u00e9vang\u00e9listes aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement GW Bush). L’\u00e9glise catholique, d’habitude si prudente, risque de se trouver devant des situations o\u00f9 l’engagement politique sera une voie presque oblig\u00e9e ; et il n’est pas certain, vu le caract\u00e8re revendicateur que peut prendre l’action de la communaut\u00e9 latino-am\u00e9ricaine, que ce soit une voie de tout repos.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\tR\u00e9veil du g\u00e9ant aux USA? Lequel? Les latino-am\u00e9ricains, certes, mais aussi, pourquoi pas, la religion catholique gr\u00e2ce aux latino-am\u00e9ricains et par la volont\u00e9 des latino-am\u00e9ricains? C’est une perspective inattendue qui s’ouvre \u00e0 l’\u00e9glise catholique, d’ailleurs renforc\u00e9e par les circonstances politiques entourant les USA, notamment les pouss\u00e9es anti-capitalistes et r\u00e9formistes dans les pays d’Am\u00e9rique Latine (avec le Mexique en plus, probablement d\u00e8s le d\u00e9but juillet, si Obrador<\/a> est \u00e9lu).<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La crise US de l’immigration \u00e0 la lumi\u00e8re de la religion 12 avril 2006 La politique int\u00e9rieure US ne cesse d’entraver gravement toutes les possibilit\u00e9s de r\u00e9solution ou d’arrangement dans les affaires importantes en \u00e9tat de tension. L’impossibilit\u00e9 du Congr\u00e8s (du S\u00e9nat) de parvenir \u00e0 un accord sur un compromis de loi sur l’immigration (l\u00e9galisation… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[3330,3563,5272,2943,4604],"class_list":["post-67446","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-faits-et-commentaires","tag-immigration","tag-latino","tag-mahoney","tag-mexique","tag-obrador"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/67446","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=67446"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/67446\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=67446"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=67446"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=67446"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}