{"id":67559,"date":"2006-05-15T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2006-05-15T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/2006\/05\/15\/militarisation-de-la-frontiere-et-de-la-crise\/"},"modified":"2006-05-15T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2006-05-15T00:00:00","slug":"militarisation-de-la-frontiere-et-de-la-crise","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/2006\/05\/15\/militarisation-de-la-frontiere-et-de-la-crise\/","title":{"rendered":"Militarisation de la fronti\u00e8re et de la crise?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><h2 class=\"titleset_a.deepblue\" style=\"color:#0f3955;font-size:2em;\">Militarisation de la fronti\u00e8re et de la crise?<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>15 mai 2006 &mdash; Ce soir, GW Bush doit faire un discours o&ugrave; il devrait annoncer la possibilit\u00e9 de d\u00e9ployer des unit\u00e9s militaires le long de la fronti\u00e8re mexicaine, pour lutter contre l&rsquo;immigration clandestine. Il s&rsquo;agit essentiellement de la Garde Nationale mais il n&rsquo;est pas exclu que l&rsquo;on fasse plus tard appel \u00e0 l&rsquo;U.S. Army r\u00e9guli\u00e8re. Dans tous les cas, la mesure est par avance recommand\u00e9e par les parlementaires, comme le montre un vote (252-171) de <a class=\"gen\" href=\"http:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/printer_friendly_story\/0,3566,195215,00.html\">la Chambre<\/a>, il y a quatre jours. Le <a class=\"gen\" href=\"http:\/\/insider.washingtontimes.com\/articles\/normal.php?StoryID=20060512-111543-9294r\">Washington Times<\/a> annonce l&rsquo;initiative, qui est une rupture dramatique de la politique gouvernementale, de cette fa\u00e7on :<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"normal\" style=\"font-size:1.05em;\">\n<p><p>&laquo; <em>President Bush is looking at ways for the military to play a broader role along the U.S.-Mexico border and will announce new immigration initiatives in a prime-time address from the Oval Office on Monday night.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>&raquo; <em>\u00ab\u00a0We are looking at all options as we continue to do the best we can to help secure the border,\u00a0\u00bb one senior administration official familiar with the details of Mr. Bush&rsquo;s speech told reporters yesterday, speaking on the condition of anonymity.<\/em> [&#8230;)<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>&raquo; <em>\u00ab\u00a0It is difficult to immediately create thousands of new border guards,\u00a0\u00bb the official said. \u00ab\u00a0There is so much capability that resides in the National Guard that that&rsquo;s everybody&rsquo;s first choice. We are examining options, and that is the stage we are in right now. The question is not so much one of numbers, but of capabilities.\u00a0\u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>&raquo; <em>The possible National Guard roles: joining the Border Patrol on patrols, especially at known points of entry for illegal aliens, constructing or improving roads used by border agents and aerial surveillance. Still to be worked out is whether the governors or the president would command the fresh troops, and whether federal money would fund the missions. Guard troops are under the control of state governors, until activated by the Pentagon. Some governors already have activated Guard units for border duty, but typically the chief executives guard their prerogative to control troops in their states.<\/em> [&#8230;]<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>&raquo; <em>But increasing the military&rsquo;s role is a shift of sorts for the administration. Just last month, commenting on the Senate debate, the administration said it was \u00ab\u00a0concerned\u00a0\u00bb about provisions in the Senate that would \u00ab\u00a0require increased use of military surveillance assets in controlling the U.S. border to prevent illegal immigration.\u00a0\u00bb Still, using the military is a popular option among many lawmakers and the public. A Time magazine poll last month found 62 percent support for using the military to guard the border.<\/em> &raquo;<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><p>Pourquoi cette orientation nouvelle du gouvernement? Les sondages, bien entendu, dans la perspective d&rsquo;\u00e9lections (novembre prochain) qui s&rsquo;av\u00e8rent catastrophiques pour les r\u00e9publicains. La majorit\u00e9 des Am\u00e9ricains favorisent cette mesure de la militarisation des fronti\u00e8res. Une \u00e9crasante majorit\u00e9 d\u00e9sapprouve l&rsquo;actuelle politique des fronti\u00e8res (contre l&rsquo;immigration clandestine) du gouvernement, et sa politique de l&rsquo;immigration en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral : &laquo; <em>The president is facing abysmal ratings on the issue. A Zogby poll released last week found just 9 percent of those surveyed approved of Mr. Bush&rsquo;s handling of border security, and his handling of immigration overall was only slightly better, at 13 percent approval.<\/em> &raquo;<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>L&rsquo;attitude des Am\u00e9ricains vis-\u00e0-vis de l&rsquo;immigration (essentiellement mexicaine et <em>latino<\/em>) s&rsquo;est tr\u00e8s fortement durcie ces derniers mois. Quelles que soient ses intentions par ailleurs, Bush doit suivre parce que sa position de faiblesse g\u00e9n\u00e9rale ne lui permet aucune r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 cette sorte de pouss\u00e9e. Il n&rsquo;y a plus vraiment de gouvernement dans cette affaire, mais une politique directement inspir\u00e9e des sondages. Les d\u00e9cisions, ou recommandations attendues ce soir constituent une incontestable dramatisation de la crise de l&rsquo;immigration, avec la force symbolique consid\u00e9rable de la militarisation du probl\u00e8me.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>Cette dramatisation intervient <a class=\"gen\" href=\"http:\/\/www.dedefensa.org\/article.php?art_id=2538\">au moment<\/a> o&ugrave; la communaut\u00e9 <em>latino<\/em> se manifeste <a class=\"gen\" href=\"http:\/\/www.dedefensa.org\/article.php?art_id=2666\">puissamment<\/a> aux USA, et bien entendu ceci n&rsquo;est pas sans rapport avec cela. Dans l&rsquo;interpr\u00e9tation du mouvement, &mdash; mouvement de masse sans gu\u00e8re de pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent, lui aussi, &mdash; on trouve \u00e9galement une radicalisation et une dramatisation.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>Par exemple, lisez l&rsquo;interpr\u00e9tation du militant des droits civiques Brian Kwoba, le 12 mai dans <a class=\"gen\" href=\"http:\/\/www.counterpunch.org\/kwoba05112006.html\">\u00ab\u00a0CounterPunch\u00a0\u00bb<\/a>. On y voit que sa r\u00e9flexion va \u00e9videmment vers une tr\u00e8s forte politisation du mouvement.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"normal\" style=\"font-size:1.05em;\">\n<p><p>&laquo; <em>Because the immigrant rights movement is so predominantly working-class, it can provide an even wider basis for struggle around key political questions. For example, it can be linked to the struggle against the war in Iraq, whose victims (Iraqi and American alike) are predominantly working-class, and thrust into combat because of the economic and military consequences of the US-dominated world order. It can also be linked to the struggle for reproductive rights, whose beneficiaries are predominantly poor and working-class women, particularly Latinas (among other minorities). It can be linked to the African-American struggle for justice on the basis of unity against racism and resistance to prison-industrial-complex-style militarization, which attempts to control both populations.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>&raquo; <em>If the immigrant rights movement is also indeed a revolt against the effects of &lsquo;free trade\u00a0\u00bb NAFTA-style policies, then it could conceivably develop into a struggle against corporate globalization and neoliberalism itself-in the primary offending country, for that matter.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>&raquo; <em>Significantly, these ideas are not lost on the migrant workers in the streets. In LA, for example, despite the media&rsquo;s focus on flag-wavers to the exclusion of political messages, there were home-made signs saying \u00ab\u00a0Are our troops in Iraq illegal too?\u00a0\u00bb and \u00ab\u00a0Your Foreign Policy Brought Me Here.\u00a0\u00bb If those workers don&rsquo;t represent the inspiring potential for a radical challenge to neoliberalism and imperialism inside the movement, we&rsquo;d have to be politically impotent. Or Democratic Party enthusiasts.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>&raquo; <em>The masses of undocumented workers in the streets can lead the revival of a new left, and one that is even broader and more labor-radical than what came out of this country in the 1960s. For the first time in decades, millions of people celebrated May Day in the US, for heaven&rsquo;s sake! Of course the political, economic, and social conditions today are very different from 40 years ago. For example, global warming now threatens life as we know it, so the stakes are far higher. But the immigrant workers movement taking to the streets has shown that the once-in-a-long-time opportunity for transformative change is returning. We need to throw ourselves into it with all the energy we can muster.<\/em> &raquo;<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><p>Bien s&ucirc;r, on retrouve dans cette orientation de la militarisation de la d\u00e9fense des fronti\u00e8res contre l&rsquo;immigration mexicaine les ingr\u00e9dients habituels d&rsquo;une crise grave pouss\u00e9e vers son paroxysme. Le recours aux militaires, d&rsquo;ores et d\u00e9j\u00e0 appuy\u00e9 sur le pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent de <a class=\"gen\" href=\"http:\/\/www.dedefensa.org\/article.php?art_id=2006\">Katrina<\/a>, repr\u00e9sente le r\u00e9flexe habituel de l&rsquo;administration GW et des USA aujourd&rsquo;hui, en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral dans des occurrences o&ugrave; aucune solution n&rsquo;est en vue. Sans pr\u00e9juger des r\u00e9sultats de cette mesure, le fait m\u00eame de la militarisation implique de nombreux probl\u00e8mes.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>&bull; Il y a le probl\u00e8me des moyens. Les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res, les r\u00e9serves et la Garde Nationale sont d&rsquo;ores et d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 la limite de leurs capacit\u00e9s avec l&rsquo;Irak et le reste, avec un budget du Pentagone pourtant colossal de $512,7 milliards. O&ugrave; et comment trouver des moyens suppl\u00e9mentaires?<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>&bull; Pour l&rsquo;instant, le recours \u00e0 la seule Garde Nationale semble favoris\u00e9, mais si la situation ne s&rsquo;am\u00e9liore pas, le r\u00e9flexe sera, comme toujours, d&rsquo;amener de nouvelles forces et de passer \u00e0 des forces r\u00e9guli\u00e8res. Le m\u00eame probl\u00e8me avait \u00e9t\u00e9 envisag\u00e9 dans les ann\u00e9es 1982-84 et l&rsquo;on avait alors calcul\u00e9 qu&rsquo;il faudrait un contingent de 400.000 \u00e0 500.000 hommes pour boucler une fronti\u00e8re de plusieurs milliers de kilom\u00e8tres. M\u00eame si les conditions sont diff\u00e9rentes (avec d\u00e9j\u00e0 des dispositions \u00ab\u00a0de d\u00e9fense \u00a0\u00bb des fronti\u00e8res importantes, l&rsquo;engrenage habituel, l&rsquo;ampleur du probl\u00e8me et les habitudes US font que nous nous dirigerons rapidement vers un d\u00e9ploiement important, voire massif. Tous les probl\u00e8mes \u00e9voqu\u00e9s ici en seront aggrav\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>&bull; Il s&rsquo;agit d&rsquo;un pas de plus vers la militarisation interne de l&rsquo;Am\u00e9rique, un pas de plus vers une hostilit\u00e9 grandissante de la population \u00e0 l&rsquo;encontre du pouvoir central (m\u00eame si la population est par ailleurs favorable \u00e0 la militarisation des fronti\u00e8res : il y a les deux mani\u00e8res de percevoir la mesure, et ces deux mani\u00e8res cohabiteront pour influer sur le jugement).<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>&bull; Le mouvement interne US des immigrants clandestins et de la communaut\u00e9 des <em>latinos<\/em>, comme il s&rsquo;est manifest\u00e9 ces derniers mois, doit \u00e9galement \u00eatre influenc\u00e9 par cette mesure dans le sens d&rsquo;une radicalisation. La militarisation des fronti\u00e8res porte en soi une d\u00e9marche de m\u00e9fiance, voire d&rsquo;hostilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;encontre des immigrants.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>&bull; Les rapports implicites et fondamentaux entre les USA et le Mexique vont \u00eatre aggrav\u00e9s par la militarisation. Celle-ci va \u00eatre per\u00e7ue, quelles que soient les intentions des uns et des autres l\u00e0 encore, l\u00e0 aussi comme un acte de m\u00e9fiance, voire un acte hostile. Question in\u00e9vitable : la mesure va-t-elle influencer l&rsquo;\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle tr\u00e8s importante du 2 juillet, avec notamment le candidat proche de la ligne Chavez, Obrador? Comme d&rsquo;habitude, la chronologie de la d\u00e9cision, par une direction am\u00e9ricaine qui ne se soucie gu\u00e8re des situations ext\u00e9rieures, est catastrophique. Mais aussi, r\u00e9p\u00e9tons-le, il n&rsquo;y a plus de direction, il n&rsquo;y a plus que les sondages.<\/p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Militarisation de la fronti\u00e8re et de la crise? 15 mai 2006 &mdash; Ce soir, GW Bush doit faire un discours o&ugrave; il devrait annoncer la possibilit\u00e9 de d\u00e9ployer des unit\u00e9s militaires le long de la fronti\u00e8re mexicaine, pour lutter contre l&rsquo;immigration clandestine. Il s&rsquo;agit essentiellement de la Garde Nationale mais il n&rsquo;est pas exclu que&hellip;&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[868,5217,3563,2943,5379],"class_list":["post-67559","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-faits-et-commentaires","tag-bush","tag-frontiere","tag-latino","tag-mexique","tag-militarisation"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/67559","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=67559"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/67559\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=67559"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=67559"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=67559"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}