{"id":67719,"date":"2006-07-05T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2006-07-05T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/2006\/07\/05\/cet-etrange-4-juillet-2006\/"},"modified":"2006-07-05T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2006-07-05T00:00:00","slug":"cet-etrange-4-juillet-2006","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/2006\/07\/05\/cet-etrange-4-juillet-2006\/","title":{"rendered":"<strong><em>Cet \u00e9trange 4 juillet 2006<\/em><\/strong>"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><h2 class=\"common-article\">Cet \u00e9trange 4 juillet 2006<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><p>\t5 juillet 2006  C&rsquo;est un temps o\u00f9 l&rsquo;on peut \u00e9crire (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.dedefensa.org\/article.php?art_id=2866\" class=\"gen\">hier<\/a>, \u00e0 propos des relations sp\u00e9ciales USA-UK) : \u00ab <em>There has probably never been a time when America was held in such low esteem on this side of the Atlantic.<\/em> \u00bb Et o\u00f9 l&rsquo;on peut \u00e9crire encore, \u00e0 propos de l&rsquo;Am\u00e9rique qui f\u00eate son 4 juillet mythique: \u00ab <em> Not since the Civil War has America been more divided politically.<\/em> \u00bb<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tLa deuxi\u00e8me citation est de l&rsquo;auteur George Lakoff, d&rsquo;un article qu&rsquo;il a publi\u00e9 dans le Boston <em>Globe<\/em> et qui est repris par l&rsquo;International <em>Herald Tribune<\/em>, ce <a href=\"http:\/\/www.iht.com\/articles\/2006\/07\/04\/opinion\/edlakoff.php\" class=\"gen\">4 juillet<\/a>. Les deux sentiments se correspondent pour conduire \u00e0 observer que ce temps \u00e9trange est celui des menaces irr\u00e9versibles de rupture, et que ces menaces concernent ce qui nous paraissait immuablement le plus solide et le plus assur\u00e9 : les USA, que ce soit dans ses liens ext\u00e9rieurs (avec UK) et dans sa texture int\u00e9rieure.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tC&rsquo;est ce dernier point qui fut, \u00e9trangement, le point de ralliement de ce non moins \u00e9trange 4 juillet. Comme si la f\u00eate nationale qui prend comme date celle de la proclamation de l&rsquo;Union sur des th\u00e8mes modernistes fondamentaux, cette D\u00e9claration d&rsquo;Ind\u00e9pendance du 4 juillet 1776 \u00e9tant pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e comme l&rsquo;ouverture politique de l&rsquo;\u00e9poque moderne,  comme si cette f\u00eate avait c\u00e9l\u00e9br\u00e9 hier la d\u00e9sunion et le fracassement du r\u00eave moderniste pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 au monde il y a 230 ans.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tCe m\u00eame 4 juillet, on trouve par exemple : <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t&bull; Une <LIEN=http:\/\/timescorrespondents.typepad.com\/baker\/2006\/07\/july_4th.html>chronique de Gerald Baker, correspondant du <em>Times<\/em> de Londres aux USA, retour d&rsquo;un s\u00e9minaire \u00e0 Aspen d&rsquo;o\u00f9 il nous rapporte l&rsquo;intervention de Juan Enriquez.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00ab <em>My favourite session was one that should make all Americans sit up and and think as they celebrate another July 4th. Juan Enriquez, a bioscientist-turned-general-thinker, presented the argument of his book, The Untied States of America. His thesis is that, all over the world nations that we assumed would last for ever have been breaking up  from the former Soviet Union and the Balkans in Europe to former colonies in Africa and Asia. He notes that other countries  from Canada to the Czech Republic to Spain to Mexico  might be headed the same way. And he wonders why we should all believe the US will really be different. It&rsquo;s not just growing Hispanic separatism he cites but the status of Native Americans and the sort of growing economic and social disparities that increasingly characterise the country.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb <em>He overstates the case, of course. But it&rsquo;s certainly a useful jolt to the natural tendency to assume that what has been always will be. And in one of those fabulous statistics you really wish you&rsquo;d uncovered yourself he points out that no president in American history has been born and buried under the same flag. The current stretch of almost 50 years without adding states is the longest in US history. Who&rsquo;s to say that the next change won&rsquo;t be fewer stars on the flag rather than more?<\/em> \u00bb<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t&bull; Juan Enriquez conna\u00eet un grand succ\u00e8s depuis la parution de son livre, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.randomhouse.com\/crown\/catalog\/display.pperl?isbn=9780307237521\" class=\"gen\">Untied United States<\/a>, en novembre 2005. Oscar Arias, ancien pr\u00e9sident du Costa Rica et Prix Nobel, en a fait ce commentaire: \u00ab <em>Juan Enriquez delves into the social gaps caused by ethnic discrimination and inequality of wealth, highlighting the unspoken fissures that sooner or later could threaten the unity of the United States or Mexico.<\/em> \u00bb<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t&bull; Deux articles paraissent le m\u00eame jour dans l&rsquo;International <em>Herald Tribune<\/em>, avec des titres si proches qui n&rsquo;ont pas besoin de longues explications : <em>Disunited States of America<\/em>, de <a href=\"http:\/\/www.iht.com\/bin\/challenge.php?URI=http:\/\/iht.nytimes.com\/protected\/articles\/2006\/07\/04\/opinion\/edtierney.php\" class=\"gen\">John Tierney<\/a> et <em>Divided America: Reclaim the meaning of freedom&rsquo;<\/em>, de John Lakoff (d\u00e9j\u00e0 cit\u00e9). Quelques mots de Lakoff, \u00e0 partir de la citation d\u00e9j\u00e0 faite :<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00ab <em>Not since the Civil War has America been more divided politically. The Civil War was fought over the question of what freedom in America was to be. The issue was in the open for all to see: human slavery, the bluntest effrontery to the idea of freedom.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb <em>The culture war today is once more about the question of what freedom is to be in America. But it is subtler. No slaves. Instead, detainees in Guant\u00e1namo, held without due process; more than a million young African-Americans in prison, many held for nonviolent or victimless crimes; torture in Abu Ghraib and at secret destinations in Egypt and Syria; government spying on ordinary citizens.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb <em>No slaves. Instead, illegal immigrants who want to come here to do back-breaking work for low pay and few rights. Remarkably, all this is in the name of freedom. It is a right-wing conservative conception of freedom and it flies in the face of the freedoms declared by the Founding Fathers and expanded upon since.<\/em> \u00bb<\/p>\n<h3>Pendant ce temps, l&rsquo;Histoire continue<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tLa parution simultan\u00e9e de ces divers commentaires, r\u00e9flexions, etc., n&rsquo;est pas due au hasard. La remarque vaut d&rsquo;autant plus lorsqu&rsquo;il s&rsquo;agit de la c\u00e9l\u00e9bration du 4 juillet, de l&rsquo;<em>Independence Day<\/em>, dont on conna\u00eet la puissance symbolique aux USA. Par ailleurs, le ton est remarquable. Nous sommes loin des diatribes, des invectives, de la bataille que nous avons connue ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es. Il y a une certaine sensation d&rsquo;irr\u00e9m\u00e9diable dans ces analyses qui renvoient plut\u00f4t \u00e0 la raison et \u00e0 la froideur des faits qu&rsquo;\u00e0 la fi\u00e8vre de la bataille partisane.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tQue se passe-t-il ? En un sens, la bataille est finie. L&rsquo;Irak est un d\u00e9sastre achev\u00e9, dont plus personne de s\u00e9rieux ne discute ni la r\u00e9alit\u00e9, ni l&rsquo;ampleur. L&rsquo;administration GW, apr\u00e8s trois ann\u00e9es d&rsquo;ivresse, a amorc\u00e9 des concessions,  ou ce qu&rsquo;elle nomme des concessions. Elle a soi-disant r\u00e9pudi\u00e9 l&rsquo;unilat\u00e9ralisme et a, toujours soi-disant, tendu la main \u00e0 l&rsquo;Europe. Il y en a (les Europ\u00e9ens, Solana en t\u00eate, les Fran\u00e7ais, etc.) pour vous dire qu&rsquo;il n&rsquo;y a plus de probl\u00e8me majeur entre l&rsquo;Am\u00e9rique et l&rsquo;Europe. Cette fable finit pas cr\u00e9er un climat au niveau des directions occidentales et transatlantiques et ils finissent par prendre leurs th\u00e9ories pour argent comptant. Ils croient, avec z\u00e8le et soulagement, que les choses sont redevenues normales, que les exc\u00e8s de la premi\u00e8re p\u00e9riode GW Bush sont termin\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tBien entendu, c&rsquo;est \u00e0 la fois une illusion consid\u00e9rable et une incons\u00e9quence compl\u00e8te. Rien n&rsquo;est plus normal et rien n&rsquo;est plus comme avant. On s&rsquo;en aper\u00e7oit <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dedefensa.org\/article.php?art_id=2823\" class=\"gen\">ici<\/a> ou <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dedefensa.org\/article.php?art_id=2866\" class=\"gen\">l\u00e0<\/a>, quand on consulte les opinions publiques, c&rsquo;est-\u00e0-dire ce qui compte en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 et dans la r\u00e9alit\u00e9. Justement, on trouve avec ce point l&rsquo;amorce du constat qu&rsquo;on veut faire ici.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tLa situation intra-occidentale est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e comme apais\u00e9e. La situation politicienne interne \u00e0 Washington, elle aussi, est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e comme apais\u00e9e. Il faut go\u00fbter l&rsquo;ahurissement de l&rsquo;excellent <a href=\"http:\/\/www.williampfaff.com\/modules\/news\/article.php?storyid=138\" class=\"gen\">William Pfaff<\/a>, revenant d&rsquo;un s\u00e9minaire italo-am\u00e9ricain \u00e0 Venise, \u00e0 propos de la formidable complaisance qui s&rsquo;est empar\u00e9e de l&rsquo;<em>establishment<\/em> washingtonien,  comme si cet <em>establishment<\/em> voulait \u00e9carter jusqu&rsquo;au souvenir de ce cauchemar dont il d\u00e9cr\u00e8te qu&rsquo;il est fini. \u00ab <em>I found my conversations in Venice intensely interesting, disturbing, and unbelievable<\/em> \u00bb, dit Pfaff.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00ab <em>The impression I gained from the Washingtonians I spoke with was that the policy community considers the Iraq affair over: the neo-conservatives are discredited, and the romantic ideology of universal liberation and a Middle East groaning to be freed from tyrants by American military interventions, no longer is taken seriously.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb <em>The president still claims that world liberation is American policy, which was the introductory theme of this year&rsquo;s edition of the administration&rsquo;s National Strategy Statement, but I was told that the administration must say this, although most Democrats and Republicans are agreed that the only remaining problem is to find a way to get out.<\/em> <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb <em>That the Iraq invasion was a mistake now is acknowledged by everyone serious in the foreign policy community. Possibly it was even the worst mistake in American history, one American speaker suggested  but America now must put it behind, and think new thoughts.<\/em> <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t(&#8230;)<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb <em>The elites of the two parties are now united again in wanting a painless way to leave Iraq, with sufficient political stabilization of that country to allow American forces to slip away quietly (as from Vietnam in 1973). They even seem to think this will be possible. And in two years a new president will be elected, and all the unpleasantness since 2001 can go down the American memory-hole.<\/em> \u00bb<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tR\u00e9p\u00e9tons la rengaine : la bataille politique est finie, qu&rsquo;il s&rsquo;agisse de l&rsquo;Irak ou du reste. Cette conclusion synth\u00e9tise ce qui pr\u00e9c\u00e8de et doit \u00eatre aussit\u00f4t compl\u00e9t\u00e9e,  cela va sans dire mais disons-le cela ira encore mieux,  par l&rsquo;observation qu&rsquo;il s&rsquo;agit d&rsquo;une conclusion virtualiste qui n&rsquo;a aucun rapport avec la r\u00e9alit\u00e9. Celle-ci, que ce soit au niveau des opinions publiques europ\u00e9ennes (division avec les USA) ou au cur de l&rsquo;Am\u00e9rique elle-m\u00eame, entre ceux que l&rsquo;on nomme les rouges et les bleus, les \u00c9tats bushistes et les \u00c9tats anti-bushistes sur la carte \u00e9lectorale, cette r\u00e9alit\u00e9-l\u00e0 montre des blessures et des cassures irr\u00e9m\u00e9diables. L&rsquo;aveuglement d\u00e9risoire des \u00e9lites qui croient avec empressement \u00e0 ce qu&rsquo;on leur fait dire n&rsquo;y changera rien. La confrontation de cet aveuglement et de la complaisance qui en r\u00e9sulte avec la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pr\u00e9pare des lendemains qui nous \u00e9tonneront.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tAinsi interpr\u00e9tons-nous les divers signes que nous avons rassembl\u00e9s pour caract\u00e9riser cet \u00e9trange et fantomatique 4 juillet,  signes effectivement de l&rsquo;irr\u00e9m\u00e9diable, de quelque chose qui ne pourrait plus \u00eatre arr\u00eat\u00e9,  et d&rsquo;ailleurs plus personne ne se pr\u00e9occupe de l&rsquo;arr\u00eater. La passion est retomb\u00e9e, on en d\u00e9compte les effets. Voici donc les signes divers des irr\u00e9m\u00e9diables fractures courant jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 la rupture et jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 la s\u00e9paration. Le constat vaut ici pour les Etats-Unis eux-m\u00eames, comme il valait <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dedefensa.org\/article.php?art_id=2866\" class=\"gen\">hier<\/a> pour les relations USA-UK. La folie-Bush a mis \u00e0 jour des tensions cach\u00e9es et les a exacerb\u00e9es, et les ruptures qui en r\u00e9sultent ne seront plus combl\u00e9es. Les coupables et les complices pr\u00e9f\u00e8rent s&rsquo;en laver les mains et laisser filer. Attitude connue.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tEh bien, c&rsquo;est mieux ainsi. L&rsquo;Histoire se nourrit de la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du monde et ce sont elles,  l&rsquo;Histoire et la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du monde,   qui nous int\u00e9ressent. Le spectacle continue.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cet \u00e9trange 4 juillet 2006 5 juillet 2006 C&rsquo;est un temps o\u00f9 l&rsquo;on peut \u00e9crire (hier, \u00e0 propos des relations sp\u00e9ciales USA-UK) : \u00ab There has probably never been a time when America was held in such low esteem on this side of the Atlantic. \u00bb Et o\u00f9 l&rsquo;on peut \u00e9crire encore, \u00e0 propos de&hellip;&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[3493,5580,5581,3494,1131,2789],"class_list":["post-67719","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-faits-et-commentaires","tag-3493","tag-desunion","tag-division","tag-juillet","tag-pfaff","tag-rupture"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/67719","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=67719"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/67719\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=67719"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=67719"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=67719"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}