{"id":68470,"date":"2007-01-31T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2007-01-31T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/2007\/01\/31\/lirak-devient-il-une-guerre-regionale\/"},"modified":"2007-01-31T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2007-01-31T00:00:00","slug":"lirak-devient-il-une-guerre-regionale","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/2007\/01\/31\/lirak-devient-il-une-guerre-regionale\/","title":{"rendered":"<strong><em>L&rsquo;Irak devient-il une guerre r\u00e9gionale?<\/em><\/strong>"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><h2 class=\"common-article\">L&rsquo;Irak devient-il une guerre r\u00e9gionale?<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><p>\t31 janvier 2007  Depuis l&rsquo;annonce du renforcement (<em>surge<\/em>) US en Irak, les \u00e9v\u00e9nements semblent se d\u00e9velopper dans le sens d&rsquo;un \u00e9largissement et d&rsquo;un approfondissement du conflit. Divers articles et rapports vont dans ce sens.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t  Le <em>Christian Science Monitor<\/em> d\u00e9veloppe une <a href=\"http:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/2007\/0130\/p01s01-woiq.html\" class=\"gen\">analyse<\/a> des myst\u00e8res de la bataille de Najaf, o\u00f9 seraient apparus de nouveaux composants du chaos g\u00e9n\u00e9ral qu&rsquo;est devenue la guerre interne qui d\u00e9chire l&rsquo;Irak.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t  Sur la m\u00eame bataille, <em>The Independent<\/em> rapporte <a href=\"http:\/\/news.independent.co.uk\/world\/middle_east\/article2201103.ece\" class=\"gen\">aujourd&rsquo;hui<\/a> une version compl\u00e8tement diff\u00e9rente de la version officielle,  avec l&rsquo;habituelle explication de l&rsquo;erreur, de la maladresse, de l&rsquo;appel aux Am\u00e9ricains et du massacre qui s&rsquo;ensuit n\u00e9cessairement,  une sorte de r\u00e9flexe de civilisation, si l&rsquo;on veut. \u00ab<em>A picture is beginning to emerge of a clash between an Iraqi Shia tribe on a pilgrimage to Najaf and an Iraqi army checkpoint that led the US to intervene with devastating effect. The involvement of Ahmed al-Hassani (also known as Abu Kamar), who believed himself to be the coming Mahdi, or Messiah, appears to have been accidental.<\/em>\u00bb<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t  Le New York <em>Times<\/em> du <a href=\"http:\/\/fairuse.100webcustomers.com\/sf\/nyt1_30_7_2.htm\" class=\"gen\">29 janvier<\/a> analyse le comportement des forces irakiennes dans cette m\u00eame bataille de Najaf, avec les diverses faiblesses des forces gouvernementales mises \u00e0 jour. Le journal am\u00e9ricain rapporte une d\u00e9claration officielle irakienne : \u00ab<em>This group had more capabilities than the government, said Abdul Hussein Abtan, the deputy governor of Najaf Province, at a news conference.<\/em>\u00bb Comme on voit, les interpr\u00e9tations des \u00e9v\u00e9nements, o\u00f9 chacun tente de se donner une position \u00e0 mesure de ses illusions, jouent bien autant un r\u00f4le que les \u00e9v\u00e9nements eux-m\u00eames.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t  <em>The Independent<\/em> du <a href=\"http:\/\/news.independent.co.uk\/world\/middle_east\/article2198418.ece\" class=\"gen\">30 janvier<\/a> se fait l&rsquo;\u00e9cho d&rsquo;un rapport de la Brookings Institution qui affirme que les forces am\u00e9ricaines risquent un d\u00e9sastre si elles n&rsquo;abandonnent pas les villes irakiennes. \u00ab<em>The US must draw up plans to deal with an all-out Iraqi civil war that would kill hundreds of thousands, create millions of refugees, and could spill over into a regional catastrophe, disrupting oil supplies and setting up a direct confrontation between Washington and Iran.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb<em>This is the central recommendation of a study by the Brookings Institution here, based on the assumption that President Bush&rsquo;s last-ditch troop increase fails to stabilise the country  but also on the reality that Washington cannot simply walk away from the growing disaster unleashed by the 2003 invasion.<\/em>\u00bb<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t  C&rsquo;est certainement l&rsquo;article de Jim Lobe du <a href=\"http:\/\/www.antiwar.com\/lobe\/?articleid=10426\" class=\"gen\">30 janvier<\/a> qui nous apporte le plus de pr\u00e9cisions,  Lobe parlant dans ce cas de l&rsquo;attaque de Karbala. Lobe cite diverses sources qui apportent des \u00e9clairages diff\u00e9rents sur l&rsquo;\u00e9volution d&rsquo;une situation dont les caract\u00e9ristiques semblent effectivement l&rsquo;\u00e9largissement et l&rsquo;approfondissement.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tOn peut retenir de son article, le rapport qu&rsquo;il fait du m\u00e9mo de Ray Close, un ancien officier de la CIA, concernant cette attaque du 20 janvier \u00e0 Karbala, au cours de laquelle cinq soldats US ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s. Cette attaque a d\u00e9j\u00e0 suscit\u00e9 beaucoup de commentaires. (Lobe : \u00ab<em>As reported by the Associated Press, as many as a dozen attackers traveled in the kind of convoy of SUVs frequently used by U.S. officials in Iraq. They wore U.S. combat fatigues, and at least several of them spoke English, according to Iraqi soldiers who waved them through a checkpoint on the outskirts of Karbala. The SUVs and uniforms apparently involved in the attack were later found abandoned with the bodies in Mahawil in Babil province after Iraqi guards at one checkpoint gave chase. The precision of the attack, the equipment used, and the possible use of explosives to destroy the military vehicles in the compound suggests that the attack was well rehearsed prior to execution, a military spokesman in Baghdad told AP.<\/em>\u00bb)<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tA propos des informations diffus\u00e9es par Ray Close, Jim Lobe \u00e9crit notamment ceci :<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00ab<em>Ray Close, a retired top Middle East analysis at the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), suggested that the attack and the abductions may have been retaliation for two recent raids in which the U.S. military seized and abducted Iranian officials in Iraq  the first in Baghdad on Dec. 21, the second in the Kurdish city of Arbil on Jan. 10  as part of an increasingly dangerous game of tit-for-tat.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb<em>After protests by the Iraqi central government, as well as by Tehran, the Iranians arrested in the first raid were released and deported home. The fact that the raid took place at the offices of the leader of the Supreme Council for the Islamic Revolution in Iraq (SCIRI), Abdul Aziz al-Hakim, who had just returned from Washington where he was treated as an honored guest at the White House by President George W. Bush, naturally added to consternation over the incident.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb<em>The five Iranians seized in the second raid, which also elicited protests from both Baghdad, notably President Jalal Talabani and the local Kurdish authorities, have not yet been released, although Iranian officials in Tehran hinted Monday they had received a message from Washington regarding a resolution of the case.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb<em>Both raids came amid escalating charges by Bush, as well as other senior U.S. officials, that Iran is providing material support for attacks on American troops and threats to, in Bush&rsquo;s words&rsquo; seek out and destroy the networks that are allegedly doing so. On Wednesday, the U.S. embassy in Baghdad is expected to elaborate on U.S. charges based in part on materials seized during the two raids.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb<em>In widely circulated memo, Close cites a very knowledgeable friend and recently retired analyst from the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) who noted Washington has had contingency plans for specific paramilitary actions against Iranian personnel inside Iraq in case Iranian support for the insurgency became a significant problem, and that such actions would likely provoke retaliation.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb<em>My friend looks at the recent incident in Karbala as very probably an Iranian operation carried out in retaliation against the recent seizures of Iranian operatives by the U.S. in Baghdad and Irbil, Close wrote. He says that the sophistication of the Karbala operation seems far beyond the capabilities of the Iraqi insurgents, and indicates the high probability of Iranian planning and execution.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb<em>We need to watch carefully now to see if the &lsquo;tit-for-tat&rsquo; game between the U.S. and Iran continues to escalate, and if in the end it proves to be a game that we might have been wiser to avoid or to minimize as much as possible,\u00a0\u00bb Close wrote.<\/em>\u00bb<\/p>\n<h3>La guerre est-elle commenc\u00e9e ?<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tS&rsquo;il est difficile de tirer de ces diverses indications un enseignement g\u00e9n\u00e9ral pr\u00e9cis sur la situation en Irak, on peut par contre avancer l&rsquo;hypoth\u00e8se que cette situation a atteint un nouveau stade.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t  La guerre civile en cours est d\u00e9pass\u00e9e,  elle a atteint le stade de l&rsquo;insaisissabilit\u00e9 par incompr\u00e9hension des positions des diff\u00e9rents acteurs, voire incapacit\u00e9 d&rsquo;identifier ces acteurs. Il y a d\u00e9sormais un jeu de manipulation, d&rsquo;identification des uns et des autres, auquel il faut ajouter les maladresses diverses, essentiellement am\u00e9ricanistes. L&rsquo;Orient compliqu\u00e9 est plus compliqu\u00e9 qu&rsquo;il n&rsquo;a jamais \u00e9t\u00e9.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t  La g\u00e9ographie de la guerre semble en train de d\u00e9passer les limites de l&rsquo;Irak pour \u00e9voluer vers une guerre r\u00e9gionale o\u00f9 l&rsquo;Iran tiendra un r\u00f4le essentiel. Il est possible que l&rsquo;intervention de GW Bush du 10 janvier, impliquant l&rsquo;Iran en Irak et avertissant que les troupes US avaient d\u00e9sormais mandat de frapper les Iraniens ait ouvert les portes du conflit avec l&rsquo;Iran,  mais dans des conditions inattendues, au niveau terrestre, en Irak, dans des conditions qui ne sont pas celles qu&rsquo;on pr\u00e9voyait initialement pour l&rsquo;affrontement USA-Iran.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tAcceptant cette hypoth\u00e8se, la question est de savoir quel type de guerre l&rsquo;un va imposer \u00e0 l&rsquo;autre. Depuis trois ans, les Am\u00e9ricains menacent d&rsquo;une attaque qui constitue la dimension a\u00e9rienne d&rsquo;un grand conflit conventionnel,  la seule qu&rsquo;ils soient encore capables de conduire,  et qu&rsquo;ils s&rsquo;appr\u00eatent peut-\u00eatre \u00e0 faire, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dedefensa.org\/article.php?art_id=3650\" class=\"gen\">semble-t-il<\/a>. La riposte iranienne pourrait \u00eatre de tenter d&rsquo;attirer les Am\u00e9ricains dans le pi\u00e8ge d&rsquo;une Guerre de 4\u00e8me G\u00e9n\u00e9ration (G4G). L&rsquo;originalit\u00e9 de la situation est qu&rsquo;il semblerait qu&rsquo;il soit question de cette riposte avant que les Am\u00e9ricains aient lanc\u00e9 leur attaque.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tComme on l&rsquo;a vu, l&rsquo;implication des Iraniens en Irak a \u00e9t\u00e9 voulue par Bush pour mieux ouvrir son jeu vers l&rsquo;Iran, et, selon une hypoth\u00e8se r\u00e9pandue, pr\u00e9parer son attaque g\u00e9n\u00e9rale contre l&rsquo;Iran. Il a obtenu comme premier r\u00e9sultat d&rsquo;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.dedefensa.org\/article.php?art_id=3583\" class=\"gen\">impliquer le Congr\u00e8s<\/a> dans cette querelle avec l&rsquo;Iran, et pas n\u00e9cessairement \u00e0 son avantage. Aurait-on un compl\u00e9ment de cette \u00e9volution avec l&rsquo;implication de l&rsquo;Iran dans le conflit irakien, \u00e9galement au d\u00e9savantage de Bush? Peut-on parvenir \u00e0 obtenir, de fa\u00e7on aussi constante, des r\u00e9sultats aussi constamment d\u00e9sastreux? Il semble effectivement que GW ait la recette pour y parvenir, donc qu&rsquo;il puisse y parvenir. Il faut lui faire confiance.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tLe r\u00e9sultat serait de pousser l&rsquo;Iran, voire de le contraindre pour certains milieux (les plus mod\u00e9r\u00e9s) du pouvoir iranien, \u00e0 engager une politique directe de p\u00e9n\u00e9tration et d&rsquo;influence r\u00e9gionales. Les accusations de l&rsquo;administration (p\u00e9n\u00e9tration du territoire irakien, intervention, etc.), les interventions US contre des Iraniens qui sont la plupart du temps des groupes couverts par les canaux diplomatiques ou des groupes sans importance strat\u00e9gique d\u00e9cisive, l&rsquo;\u00e9ventualit\u00e9 de preuves contre eux, plus ou moins fabriqu\u00e9es, tout cela tend \u00e0 fabriquer une image d&rsquo;interventionnisme des Iraniens. La tentation d&rsquo;au moins tirer quelque avantage de cette position d&rsquo;accus\u00e9, c&rsquo;est-\u00e0-dire en intervenant plus fortement en Irak, est suffisamment grande pour susciter effectivement une telle intervention de la part des Iraniens.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tToutes ces agitations tendent \u00e0 mettre en place les conditions pour qu&rsquo;on puisse parler d&rsquo;un <em>casus belli<\/em> entre les USA et l&rsquo;Iran. Il n&rsquo;est pas s\u00fbr que l&rsquo;op\u00e9ration soit n\u00e9cessairement une machination (notamment am\u00e9ricaniste) \u00e0 l&rsquo;int\u00e9rieur d&rsquo;un plan g\u00e9n\u00e9ral. Il y a un certain caract\u00e8re d&rsquo;automatisme dans cette \u00e9volution, qui fait plus penser \u00e0 une situation hors de contr\u00f4le, avec un encha\u00eenement fait de r\u00e9actions \u00e9parses mais non coordonn\u00e9es des diff\u00e9rents acteurs. Objectivement, bien entendu, cette \u00e9volution tend \u00e0 favoriser les tentatives de reprendre le contr\u00f4le de la situation,  \u00e0 condition que ce soient les pires possibles. On sait bien qu&rsquo;aujourd&rsquo;hui, l&rsquo;imagination politique ne semble envisager aucune autre possibilit\u00e9 de reprise de contr\u00f4le d&rsquo;une situation guerri\u00e8re que par une attaque \u00e0 un niveau sup\u00e9rieur.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L&rsquo;Irak devient-il une guerre r\u00e9gionale? 31 janvier 2007 Depuis l&rsquo;annonce du renforcement (surge) US en Irak, les \u00e9v\u00e9nements semblent se d\u00e9velopper dans le sens d&rsquo;un \u00e9largissement et d&rsquo;un approfondissement du conflit. Divers articles et rapports vont dans ce sens. Le Christian Science Monitor d\u00e9veloppe une analyse des myst\u00e8res de la bataille de Najaf, o\u00f9 seraient&hellip;&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[857,2773,6385,5437,6386],"class_list":["post-68470","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-faits-et-commentaires","tag-irak","tag-iran","tag-karbala","tag-massacre","tag-najaf"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/68470","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=68470"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/68470\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=68470"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=68470"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=68470"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}