Le Financial Times<\/em> est \u00e0 la fois tr\u00e8s inquiet et extr\u00eamement d\u00e9sol\u00e9. Il a devant les yeux les r\u00e9sultats d’un sondage multinational (Allemagne, Espagne, France, Italie, UK, USA) qu’il a fait effectuer par l’Institut Louis Harris. Il en pr\u00e9sente<\/a> les r\u00e9sultats, puis il les commente<\/a> La chose semble une terrible r\u00e9v\u00e9lation pour le FT. Les peuples du monde d\u00e9velopp\u00e9, matrice de la globalisation, sont en majorit\u00e9 contre<\/strong> la globalisation.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n \t\u00abCitizens of rich countries feel insecure. They see globalisation as damaging to their interests, they worry about rising inequalities, they are unimpressed by those running their largest companies and want politicians to make the world more equal.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n \t\u00bbThose are the stark results of the FT\/Harris opinion poll, which apply in every country surveyed, whether in the US or UK with their more liberal economic cultures or in the more dirigiste continental European economies.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n \t\u00bbThe results open the way for populist politicians to win support by anti-globalisation rhetoric and promising greater regulatory control of economies.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n \t\u00bbEven though defining globalisation defies many experts, the people in rich countries think dark thoughts when they hear the term. In no country polled did more people believe globalisation was having a positive effect on their countries than thought it was having a negative effect. Britain, the US and Spain stand out with less than a fifth of respondents thinking globalisation was beneficial.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n \t\u00bbSince most economists believe globalisation has been a boost to the economic performance of rich countries as well as poor, these results are worrying.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n \t\u00bbPart of the concern about globalisation is almost certainly the public’s feeling that the gap between rich and the poor in their countries was getting larger. More than three-quarters of respondents in every country except Spain thought that inequality was rising.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n \t\u00bbThe greater rewards earned by corporate executives go down badly with the rest of the population in rich countries. Only in Italy is there a majority who say they admire the people running their largest companies a fair amount or more. Britain and the US are least likely to respect corporate bosses, with 38 per cent of those polled in the UK saying they do not admire at all the people in charge of the largest companies.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n \t\u00bbAnd everywhere, in Europe and in the US, a large majority supports more taxation for the highest earners. Contrary to many preconceptions, the lowest support for higher taxes on the rich came in France, where a still-sizeable 52 per cent were in favour.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n \t\u00bbSo much for the consensus. National differences also arose in many of the questions in the FT\/Harris poll. A marked divergence arose between evidence and public impression in response to a question on whether people have the same opportunities to fulfil their potential.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n \t\u00bbMany studies of inter-generational inequality show that the children of the poor are much more likely also to be poor in the US and in the UK than in continental European economies. But it is precisely the Anglo-Saxon countries where a much higher proportion of people have the impression that social background does not matter so much for economic opportunity.<\/em>\u00bb<\/p>\n<\/p>\n \t La premi\u00e8re surprise (et sans doute la seule) que nous \u00e9prouvions \u00e0 la lecture de ces textes du FT, comme \u00e0 celle des r\u00e9sultats, c’est bien devant la surprise douloureuse du FT. Ces gens se sont-ils un instant imagin\u00e9 que la globalisation \u00e9tait populaire chez les citoyens civilis\u00e9s ? Sans doute que oui et, alors, c’est la v\u00e9ritable surprise de ce sondage. (Au reste, il ne nous vient pas une seconde \u00e0 l’esprit que cette surprise soit feinte ou de circonstance.)<\/p>\n<\/p>\n \t La seconde surprise n’en est pas une et prend le contre-pied de la r\u00e9action du FT. L’impopularit\u00e9 de la globalisation est une \u00e9vidence d’un grand courant populaire qui se signale sporadiquement dans d’autres domaines, soit lors des grandes manifestations contre la guerre en Irak (f\u00e9vrier 2003), soit dans la constance du courant anti-am\u00e9ricain dans le monde. Il y a l\u00e0 une identification inconsciente des peuples contre toutes les pouss\u00e9es d\u00e9structurantes et anti-identitaires, car notre conviction est certainement que cette opposition \u00e0 la globalisation s’appuie d’abord sur une opposition \u00e0 cet aspect d\u00e9structurant et \u00e9videmment n\u00e9gateur des identit\u00e9s nationales.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n \t La troisi\u00e8me surprise n’en est pas une du tout<\/strong>. Les peuples anglo-saxons ne sont pas les derniers, tant s’en faut, \u00e0 s’opposer \u00e0 la globalisation et les Fran\u00e7ais ne sont certes pas les parangons de vertu ou les diables pervers (selon ce qu’on en a) syst\u00e9matiquement adversaires de la globalisation qu’on en a fait. Une premi\u00e8re hypoth\u00e8se est que les peuples ne s’identifient pas aux orientations prises par leurs nations ; une seconde hypoth\u00e8se est qu’on est d’autant moins inquiet devant la globalisation qu’on se sent assur\u00e9s d’une identit\u00e9 forte.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n \tR\u00e9sultat : le d\u00e9sarroi du FT. Si la globalisation reste particuli\u00e8rement difficile \u00e0 mesurer et \u00e0 d\u00e9finir, il appara\u00eet encore plus difficile de bien mesurer les r\u00e9actions du public. La globalisation est un \u00e9norme ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne que personne ne parvient \u00e0 vraiment distinguer et contr\u00f4ler mais dont les effets sont per\u00e7us comme de plus en plus n\u00e9gatifs.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \tMis en ligne le 23 juillet 2007 \u00e0 12H06<\/p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Le Financial Times est \u00e0 la fois tr\u00e8s inquiet et extr\u00eamement d\u00e9sol\u00e9. Il a devant les yeux les r\u00e9sultats d’un sondage multinational (Allemagne, Espagne, France, Italie, UK, USA) qu’il a fait effectuer par l’Institut Louis Harris. Il en pr\u00e9sente les r\u00e9sultats, puis il les commente La chose semble une terrible r\u00e9v\u00e9lation pour le FT. Les… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[2851,2632,4385,6889,1492,2852],"class_list":["post-69046","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bloc-notes","tag-financial","tag-globalisation","tag-harris","tag-peuples","tag-sondages","tag-times"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69046","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=69046"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69046\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=69046"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=69046"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=69046"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}