{"id":69092,"date":"2007-08-06T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2007-08-06T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/2007\/08\/06\/les-neocons-entre-marteau-et-enclume-ou-disons-entre-la-poire-et-le-fromage\/"},"modified":"2007-08-06T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2007-08-06T00:00:00","slug":"les-neocons-entre-marteau-et-enclume-ou-disons-entre-la-poire-et-le-fromage","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/2007\/08\/06\/les-neocons-entre-marteau-et-enclume-ou-disons-entre-la-poire-et-le-fromage\/","title":{"rendered":"Les neocons<\/em> entre marteau et enclume, \u2014 ou, disons, entre la poire et le fromage"},"content":{"rendered":"

Les grandes aventures guerri\u00e8res, lorsque l’on reste le cul pos\u00e9 dans un confortable fauteuil d’une suite luxueuse d’une belle avenue de Washington DC o\u00f9 se trouve le si\u00e8ge de l’American Enterprise Institute qui est la matrice de la pens\u00e9e neocon<\/em>, ces grandes aventures ne sont pas si simples qu’on croit. Ce pr\u00e9ambule nous permet paradoxalement d’aborder un autre probl\u00e8me que celui des grandes aventures guerri\u00e8res, qui est celui<\/a> des sanctions commerciales qui devraient \u00eatre appliqu\u00e9es \u00e0 l’Iran sur proposition du Congr\u00e8s, et qui toucheraient directement et s\u00e9v\u00e8rement des entreprises europ\u00e9ennes.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\tLe 3 ao\u00fbt<\/a>, le Financial Times<\/em> publie un article sur cette question. En fait, il ne fait que r\u00e9p\u00e9ter et amplifier ce qu’on a\td\u00e9j\u00e0 vu, savoir que les grandes entreprises europ\u00e9ennes, et, par cons\u00e9quent, les autorit\u00e9s politiques qui \u00e9coutent avec tant d’attentions les conseils amicaux des grandes entreprises europ\u00e9ennes, sont tr\u00e8s m\u00e9contentes de cette orientation : \u00abEuropean governments are warning Congress that US legislation aimed at Iran could hit European energy groups, undermine transatlantic unity on Tehran’s nuclear programme and provoke a dispute at the World Trade Organisation. Diplomats from France, Germany and the UK, among other countries, have stepped up a lobbying campaign on Capitol Hill against moves that would mandate sanctions on energy companies that invested more than $20m (14.6m, \u00a39.9m) in Iran.<\/em>\u00bb<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\tMais voil\u00e0 qu’un avis \u00e9trange termine l’article, \u00e9trange m\u00eame pour le FT qui a du mal \u00e0 cacher sa surprise : \u00abCaution has been urged from unexpected quarters. If we go forward and we begin to sanction foreign companies through more stringent sanctions in the Iran Sanctions Act, I think there will be serious repercussions for our multilateral effort, said Danielle Pletka of the American Enterprise Institute, the conservative Washington think-tank.<\/em>\u00bb<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\tExpliquons-nous: Danielle Petka est une des dirigeantes d’AEI, le think tank<\/em> n\u00e9o-conservateur, et il est stup\u00e9fiant de l’entendre mettre en garde les divers protagonistes contre des mesures de durcissement \u00e0 l’encontre de l’Iran, dans tous les cas pour ne pas compromettre l’effort multinational. Une neocon<\/em> qui veut prot\u00e9ger le multilat\u00e9ralisme et qui recommande d’\u00eatre soft<\/em> contre l’Iran, voil\u00e0 qui est si inattendu.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\tJim Lobe, grand connaisseur des arcanes de la politique extr\u00e9miste \u00e0 Washington, prend sa plume et nous explique de quoi il retourne (dans une analyse qu’il publie le 3 ao\u00fbt<\/a> sur son site LobeBlog.com<\/em>). La chose est du reste assez simple une fois qu’on a devin\u00e9 l’orientation. L’AEI est financi\u00e8rement et massivement soutenue par un nombre important de grandes entreprises et de multinationales am\u00e9ricanistes. Ces sponsors<\/em> commencent \u00e0 trouver l’initiative du Congr\u00e8s plut\u00f4t aga\u00e7ante, d’autant qu’elles sont souvent li\u00e9es par des accords ou des liens concrets aux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s non-US vis\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\tLobe continue \u00abWhatever would possess AEI and Pletka, who personally has been one of the most prominent and enthusiastic cheerleaders of the rapidly spreading state divestment movement against companies doing business in Iran, to offer a cautionary note about adopting unilateral sanctions, let alone stress the importance of preserving multilateral unity with limp-wristed European allies in dealing with a charter member of the Axis of Evil? Judging from its provenance at what must be considered Neo-Con Central, it certainly couldn’t be common sense.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00bbIn fact, Pletka’s observation probably reflects growing tensions between AEI’s corporate contributors, many of whom are represented on its board of trustees, on the one hand, and, on the other, the hard-line neo-conservative views of its foreign-policy fellows, such as Richard Perle, Michael Ledeen, Michael Rubin, Joshua Muravchik, and Pletka herself; academic advisers, such as Gertrude Himmelfarb, Eliot Cohen, and Jeremy Rabkin; and its board chairman, Bruce Kovner.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00bbAs AEI jumped on the divestment bandwagon initiated by Perle prot\u00e9g\u00e9 Frank Gaffney’s Center for Security Policy (CSP) earlier this spring with its publication of a list of evil-enabling companies, some of its corporate contributors with interests in some of those same companies or in countries where those companies are based objected. After all, multinational corporations, such as ExxonMobil, Motorola, American Express, State Farm Insurance, Dow Chemical, Merck & Co., Dell Inc. all of which are represented in various ways on AEI’s board of trustees not to mention General Electic, Amoco, Kraft, Ford Motor, General Motors, Eastman Kodak, Metropolitan Life, Proctor & Gamble, Shell, General Mills, Pillsbury, Prudential, Corning Glass Works, Morgan Guarantee, and Alcoa all of whose foundations have reportedly contributed significant amounts of money to AEI generally oppose economic sanctions that interfere with their investment and commerce, especially if they are unilateral and especially if they result in many jurisdictions (i.e. states) enacting different sanctions with which companies must comply.<\/em> <\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00bbI know for a fact that some companies who are AEI contributors have complained to the president of AEI [Christopher DeMuth] about AEI’s involvement in this, said William Reinsch, the president of the National Foreign Trade Council (NFTC), an association of some 550 of the biggest U.S. companies that, among other things, opposes unilateral economic sanctions. There has been a significant level of upset by a number of [them]. In some cases, he added, companies complained about their inclusion on the list posted by AEI, while others believe that it’s not an appropriate activity for AEI to be engaged in.<\/em>\u00bb<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\tD’autre part, il sera bien difficile de convaincre le Congr\u00e8s de ne pas voter une loi qui, sous une forme ou l’autre, imposera des contraintes peu agr\u00e9ables aux amis du Big Business<\/em> am\u00e9ricaniste. Les chiffres sont l\u00e0: une des lois en discussion d\u00e9pos\u00e9e \u00e0 la Chambre des Repr\u00e9sentants par Tom Lantos, pr\u00e9sident de la puissante Commission des Affaires Etrang\u00e8res, est soutenue par 322 d\u00e9put\u00e9s co-sponsors<\/em>, ce qui signifie assez de votes pour \u00e9ventuellement repousser un veto pr\u00e9sidentiel. Pour les parlementaires US, un r\u00e9gime ultra-dur de sanctions commerciales permet d’affirmer une position tr\u00e8s dure contre l’Iran sans prendre le risque d’une action militaire. Par ailleurs, tout le monde commence \u00e0 savoir que les USA n’ont pas les moyens d’une action militaire d\u00e9cisive, ou voulue comme telle.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\tLes sanctions commerciales ultra-dures ont donc la c\u00f4te. Mais elles enragent le Big Business<\/em>, lequel tient les neocons<\/em> par le portefeuille. Les neocons<\/em> sont entre les deux, entre marteau et enclume ou entre poire et fromage. Le temps de l’empire triomphant auquel rien ne r\u00e9siste est bien pass\u00e9, car c’est bien, finalement, l’effondrement des capacit\u00e9s militaires qui est \u00e0 la base de cette sorte de d\u00e9sagr\u00e9able situation. Du temps o\u00f9 l’on frappait sec et dur, comme contre l’Irak, les Europ\u00e9ens s’alignaient et le Big Business<\/em> la fermait.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\tMis en ligne le 6 ao\u00fbt 2007 \u00e0 10H21<\/p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Les grandes aventures guerri\u00e8res, lorsque l’on reste le cul pos\u00e9 dans un confortable fauteuil d’une suite luxueuse d’une belle avenue de Washington DC o\u00f9 se trouve le si\u00e8ge de l’American Enterprise Institute qui est la matrice de la pens\u00e9e neocon, ces grandes aventures ne sont pas si simples qu’on croit. Ce pr\u00e9ambule nous permet paradoxalement… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[3979,3566,3567,6881,2645,2773,6580,1104,1443],"class_list":["post-69092","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bloc-notes","tag-aei","tag-big","tag-business","tag-commerciale","tag-guerre","tag-iran","tag-lantos","tag-neocons","tag-pletka"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69092","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=69092"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69092\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=69092"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=69092"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=69092"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}