{"id":69401,"date":"2007-11-10T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2007-11-10T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/2007\/11\/10\/precisions-sur-gorbatchev-et-la-fin-de-la-guerre-froide\/"},"modified":"2007-11-10T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2007-11-10T00:00:00","slug":"precisions-sur-gorbatchev-et-la-fin-de-la-guerre-froide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/2007\/11\/10\/precisions-sur-gorbatchev-et-la-fin-de-la-guerre-froide\/","title":{"rendered":"Pr\u00e9cisions sur Gorbatchev et la fin de la Guerre froide"},"content":{"rendered":"

Un nouveau livre sur la fin de la Guerre froide vient d’\u00eatre publi\u00e9 : Arsenals of Folly : The Making of the Nuclear Arms Race<\/em>, de Richard Rhodes (qui a gagn\u00e9 la Triple Crown<\/em> des prix litt\u00e9raires US avec The Making of the Atomic Bomb<\/em> : Pulitzer Prize, National Book Award and National Book Critics Circle Award). Une recension du livre a \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9e, le 4 novembre<\/a>, par Charles Matthews dans le quotidien r\u00e9gional US San Jose Mercury News<\/em>. L’int\u00e9r\u00eat de ce livre est qu’il donne une appr\u00e9ciation des tenants et aboutissants de la fin de la Guerre froide et compl\u00e8te certains aspects des positions de Gorbatchev renfor\u00e7ant la th\u00e8se selon laquelle le r\u00f4le de ce m\u00eame Gorbatchev fut central dans cette p\u00e9riode. La th\u00e8se contraire, en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral soutenue aux USA \u00e0 cause des pressions id\u00e9ologiques et des inbt\u00e9r\u00eats favorables au complexe militaro-industriel, est que la fin de la Guerre froide est le produit des pressions de la production US d’armement. La personnalit\u00e9 de Rhodes est significative par rapport \u00e0 cette th\u00e8se: un \u00e9crivain et un historien confirm\u00e9s, parfaitement dans les r\u00e9seaux de l’establishment<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\tVoici quelques passages de l’article de Matthews consacr\u00e9s \u00e0 cet aspect du probl\u00e8me g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de la fin de la Guerre froide dans le livre de Rhodes.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00abArsenals of Folly’ begins with a horrifying event: the explosion of Reactor No. 4 at Chernobyl in April 1986, which propelled Mikhail Gorbachev toward nuclear disarmament. Gorbachev, who Rhodes acknowledges was no saint, is in some sense the hero of the book.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00bbThis will irk conservatives who believe that it was Ronald Reagan who, by challenging the Soviet Union with the largest peacetime military buildup in American history, caused the collapse of that evil empire and ended the arms race. Rhodes dismisses that argument, but his view of Reagan is sympathetic: He sees him as a man of good heart but confused mind, whose stubborn belief in the Strategic Defense Initiative, the space-based nuclear-shield program nicknamed star wars, blocked his sincere desire to rid the world of nuclear weapons.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t()<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00abBut Rhodes, who lives in Half Moon Bay and is affiliated with Stanford University’s Center for International Security and Cooperation, concentrates on the two key players in the negotiations of the 1980s, Reagan and Gorbachev. Chernobyl was a major force driving Gorbachev to the negotiating table. Rhodes notes that the full effects of the reactor explosion have never come to light, that despite the promises of glasnost, the number who died or were disabled has not been revealed. But he provides a chilling metaphor for those effects:<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00bbWhen the leaves fell from the chestnut trees that are the glory of Kiev, proud on its high bluff above the Dnieper River, they had to be raked up, all three hundred thousand tons of them, baled and buried outside the city as low-level nuclear waste.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00bbReagan’s interest in nuclear disarmament may have had a very different inspiration. In October 1983, at Camp David, Reagan screened an advance copy of the TV movie The Day After,’ about the effects of a nuclear war on a town in Kansas. In his diary, Reagan wrote that it left me greatly depressed. . . . we have to do all we can . . . to see that there is never a nuclear war.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00bbRhodes comments that Reagan was famously responsive to stories told on film. He asserts that the movie dovetailed with Reagan’s fundamentalist belief that Armageddon was at hand. Chernobyl played its role here, too. The name, Reagan was told, means wormwood which in Revelation is the name of a star that falls on the Earth, causing great destruction. Robert McFarlane, Reagan’s national security adviser, told Reagan biographer Lou Cannon that the president saw himself as a romantic, heroic figure with the power of a hero to overcome even Armageddon.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00bbAnd so the two leaders of the world’s superpowers met, one of them inspired by the harsh reality of a nuclear explosion, the other by fiction, myth and prophecy, to end the arms race. A conclusion would be frustrated by Reagan’s stubborn resistance to dismantling star wars and by the resistance of his neoconservative advisers to diminishing American power. It was achieved finally by the economic and political forces that undermined the Soviet Union.<\/em>\u00bb<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\tDans l’interview de Gorbatchev cit\u00e9 dans la pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente<\/a> nouvelle de cette rubrique, des questions abordent l’\u00e9pisode de la trag\u00e9die de Tchernobyl. Les r\u00e9ponses de Gorbatchev confirment l’importance qu’a eu cet accident dans ses conceptions et son comportement. Alors que Rhodes parle de l’effet de l’accident sur la pens\u00e9e strat\u00e9gique et politique de Gorbatchev, les questions ci-dessous portent sur l’effet de Tchernobyl sur la pens\u00e9e de Gorbatchev par rapport aux questions environnementales.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00ab Quand on a dirig\u00e9 l’Union Sovi\u00e9tique et qu’on devient d\u00e9fenseur de l’environnement, comment assure-t-on la conversion ? Est-ce que vous avez eu la r\u00e9v\u00e9lation subite ou est-ce Tchernobyl qui vous a soudain \u00e9veill\u00e9 \u00e0 cette sensibilit\u00e9?<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00bb J’ai \u00e9t\u00e9 confront\u00e9 au probl\u00e8me de l’environnement quand j’\u00e9tais enfant Mon p\u00e8re m’amenait aux champs… et je voyais comment le vent d\u00e9truisait les plantes Quand je suis devenu Secr\u00e9taire du Comit\u00e9 Central et que Brejnev m’a confi\u00e9 l’agriculture, j’ai commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 comprendre les probl\u00e8mes, j’ai vu que nous avions une attitude totalement erron\u00e9e vis-\u00e0-vis de la terre et des paysans.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00bb Tchernobyl \u00e7a \u00e9t\u00e9 un choc quand m\u00eame?<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00bb Tchernobyl a montr\u00e9 \u00e0 quel point nous sommes vuln\u00e9rables, \u00e0 quel point nous avions peu de moyens Nous avons d\u00e9pens\u00e9 14 ou 16 milliards de roubles pour arr\u00eater la catastrophe dans un seul r\u00e9acteur Pour moi, il y a la vie avant et apr\u00e8s Tchernobyl.<\/em>\u00bb<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\tMis en ligne le 9 novembre 2007 \u00e0 14H08<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Un nouveau livre sur la fin de la Guerre froide vient d’\u00eatre publi\u00e9 : Arsenals of Folly : The Making of the Nuclear Arms Race, de Richard Rhodes (qui a gagn\u00e9 la Triple Crown des prix litt\u00e9raires US avec The Making of the Atomic Bomb : Pulitzer Prize, National Book Award and National Book Critics… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[3106,3483,2645,706,7203],"class_list":["post-69401","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bloc-notes","tag-froide","tag-gorbatchev","tag-guerre","tag-rhodes","tag-tchernobyl"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69401","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=69401"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69401\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=69401"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=69401"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=69401"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}