{"id":69798,"date":"2008-04-01T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2008-04-01T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/2008\/04\/01\/la-rue-commence-a-parler\/"},"modified":"2008-04-01T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2008-04-01T00:00:00","slug":"la-rue-commence-a-parler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/2008\/04\/01\/la-rue-commence-a-parler\/","title":{"rendered":"La rue commence \u00e0 parler"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><h2 class=\"common-article\">La rue commence \u00e0 parler<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t1er avril 2008  L&rsquo;image est, aujourd&rsquo;hui, ma\u00eetresse de la perception de la situation du monde. Sa force est d&rsquo;autant plus forte si, en plus d&rsquo;\u00eatre un reflet, plus ou moins approximativement <strong>juste<\/strong> (plut\u00f4t qu&rsquo;exact), de cette situation, elle rappelle \u00e9galement une r\u00e9f\u00e9rence historique. <em>The Independent<\/em> de <a href=\"http:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/americas\/usa-2008-the-great-depression-803095.html\" class=\"gen\">ce matin<\/a> synth\u00e9tise un \u00e9v\u00e9nement <strong>de la rue<\/strong> aux USA qui restitue une image effectivement tr\u00e8s forte, et effectivement r\u00e9miniscente de la r\u00e9f\u00e9rence cauchemardesque de l&rsquo;histoire am\u00e9ricaniste. Elle synth\u00e9tise la version actuelle du ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne de la soupe populaire de la Grande D\u00e9pression,  le titre de l&rsquo;article va d&rsquo;ailleurs dans le sens de cette image: \u00ab<em>USA 2008: The Great Depression<\/em>\u00bb.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00ab<em>We knew things were bad on Wall Street, but on Main Street it may be worse. Startling official statistics show that as a new economic recession stalks the United States, a record number of Americans will shortly be depending on food stamps just to feed themselves and their families.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb<em>Dismal projections by the Congressional Budget Office in Washington suggest that in the fiscal year starting in October, 28 million people in the US will be using government food stamps to buy essential groceries, the highest level since the food assistance programme was introduced in the 1960s.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb<em>The increase  from 26.5 million in 2007  is due partly to recent efforts to increase public awareness of the programme and also a switch from paper coupons to electronic debit cards. But above all it is the pressures being exerted on ordinary Americans by an economy that is suddenly beset by troubles. Housing foreclosures, accelerating jobs losses and fast-rising prices all add to the squeeze.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb<em>Emblematic of the downturn until now has been the parades of houses seized in foreclosure all across the country, and myriad families separated from their homes. But now the crisis is starting to hit the country in its gut. Getting food on the table is a challenge many Americans are finding harder to meet. As a barometer of the country&rsquo;s economic health, food stamp usage may not be perfect, but can certainly tell a story.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb<em>Michigan has been in its own mini-recession for years as its collapsing industrial base, particularly in the car industry, has cast more and more out of work. Now, one in eight residents of the state is on food stamps, double the level in 2000. We have seen a dramatic increase in recent years, but we have also seen it climbing more in recent months, Maureen Sorbet, a spokeswoman for Michigan&rsquo;s programme, said. It&rsquo;s been increasing steadily. Without the programme, some families and kids would be going without.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb<em>But the trend is not restricted to the rust-belt regions. Forty states are reporting increases in applications for the stamps, actually electronic cards that are filled automatically once a month by the government and are swiped by shoppers at the till, in the 12 months from December 2006. At least six states, including Florida, Arizona and Maryland, have had a 10 per cent increase in the past year.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb<em>In Rhode Island, the segment of the population on food stamps has risen by 18 per cent in two years. The food programme started 40 years ago when hunger was still a daily fact of life for many Americans. The recent switch from paper coupons to the plastic card system has helped remove some of the stigma associated with the food stamp programme. The card can be swiped as easily as a bank debit card. To qualify for the cards, Americans do not have to be exactly on the breadline. The programme is available to people whose earnings are just above the official poverty line. For Hubert Liepnieks, the card is a lifeline he could never afford to lose. Just out of prison, he sleeps in overnight shelters in Manhattan and uses the card at a Morgan Williams supermarket on East 23rd Street. Yesterday, he and his fianc\u00e9e, Christine Schultz, who is in a wheelchair, shared one banana and a cup of coffee bought with the 82 cents left on it&#8230;<\/em>\u00bb<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tEt ainsi de suite&#8230;<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tJusqu&rsquo;ici, la grande presse nationale US s&rsquo;est montr\u00e9e assez discr\u00e8te sur ce d\u00e9veloppement typique d&rsquo;une grande crise. Les informations paraissent surtout au niveau local, et jamais sans d\u00e9veloppement substantiel, comme ce court entrefilet du Cincinnati <em>Inquirer<\/em>, du <a href=\"http:\/\/news.enquirer.com\/apps\/pbcs.dll\/article?AID=\/20080324\/NEW\" class=\"gen\">24 mars<\/a>, sur la situation dans l&rsquo;Ohio: \u00ab<em>Amid a sluggish economy, a record 1.1 million Ohioans are getting food stamps, the state&rsquo;s welfare agency said. That&rsquo;s about 10 percent of the state&rsquo;s population. Caseloads have almost doubled since 2001, when an estimated 628,000 people were in the program, according to the Ohio Department of Job and Family Services.<\/em>\u00bb<\/p>\n<h3>Les pr\u00e9misses de la trag\u00e9die<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tLa r\u00e9alisation que les conditions de la crise sont en train de frapper la population, dans un ach\u00e9vement de la r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 la GrandeD\u00e9pression, est un facteur psychologique fondamental pour que la r\u00e9alit\u00e9de la situation s&rsquo;impose. Jusqu&rsquo;ici, ce processus a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9vit\u00e9, soit par des moyens m\u00e9caniques (ce que nous nommons l&rsquo;hyper-actualisation de l&rsquo;information, qui emp\u00eache de distinguer dans l&rsquo;unformation les grands courants qui importent), soit par un r\u00e9flexe de manipulation de la grande presse qui r\u00e9pugne \u00e0 livrer des analyses int\u00e9grant cette dimension tragique. Effectivement, avec une telle appr\u00e9ciation, nous passerions du domaine agit\u00e9 et excit\u00e9 de la crise financi\u00e8re, avec ses sp\u00e9culations et ses rebonds pessimisme-optimisme, au domaine tragique d&rsquo;une r\u00e9alit\u00e9 sociale en train d&rsquo;entrer dans la crise qui est, aux USA, par substance, la perspective d\u00e9structurante du montage que le syst\u00e8me impose \u00e0 la communaut\u00e9.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tL&rsquo;article de <em>The Independent<\/em> est un signe que ce barrage contre la restitution de la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pourrait \u00eatre sur le point de c\u00e9der. Nous extrayons ce passage de  notre rubrique <em>de defensa<\/em>, de notre num\u00e9ro courant (dat\u00e9 10 avril 2008) de <em>de defensa &#038; eurostrat\u00e9gie<\/em>, o\u00f9 nous pr\u00e9sentons cette situation encore amput\u00e9e de la dimension tragique de la dimension sociale et pourtant d\u00e9j\u00e0 touch\u00e9 par l&rsquo;esprit catastrophique de la Grande D\u00e9pression:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb<strong><em>La psychologie est donc pass\u00e9e, avec une discr\u00e9tion assez d\u00e9routante, dans l&rsquo;\u00e9tat d&rsquo;esprit de la Grande D\u00e9pression<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb<em>Le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne est affirm\u00e9: pour les experts, les sp\u00e9cialistes de l&rsquo;image dramatique, voire m\u00eame ceux qui cherchent \u00e0 d\u00e9dramatiser les \u00e9v\u00e9nements, la r\u00e9f\u00e9rence est d\u00e9sormais celle de la Grande D\u00e9pression. Le grand public ne s&rsquo;en avise pas express\u00e9ment,  et nul ne sait s&rsquo;il s&rsquo;en avisera jamais. Les centaines de $milliards valsent mais l&rsquo;on peut aussi bien continuer \u00e0 observer, sans vraiment inventer un faux argument, qu&rsquo;il s&rsquo;agit de sommes monstrueusement virtuelles dont personne ne sait exactement si elles existent. Les Am\u00e9ricains savent qu&rsquo;il se passe quelque chose, surtout les propri\u00e9taires de maison confront\u00e9s \u00e0 des hausses soudaines ou contraints d&rsquo;abandonner leur domicile. La campagne des \u00e9lections pr\u00e9sidentielles sombre dans la confusion. Les autres crises se poursuivent, la grogne des opinions publiques aussi, et \u00e9galement les d\u00e9parts en vacances.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb<em>Un fonctionnaire europ\u00e9en remarquait pour nous le 17 mars, au lendemain de la crise de la Bear Stearns: Nulle part, il n&rsquo;y a de v\u00e9ritable prise de conscience par la presse d&rsquo;une crise d&rsquo;une dimension de la Grande D\u00e9pression&#8230; A la Commission Europ\u00e9enne, c&rsquo;est la m\u00eame chose, nul ne parle des \u00e9v\u00e9nements de New York. Il est \u00e9vident qu&rsquo;il manque, par rapport \u00e0 la r\u00e9f\u00e9rence de la Grande D\u00e9pression, cette dimension tragique qui faisait \u00e9crire \u00e0 Andr\u00e9 Maurois, dans Chantiers am\u00e9ricains qu&rsquo;il publia en 1933: Si vous aviez fait le voyage vers la fin de l&rsquo;hiver [1932-33], vous auriez trouv\u00e9 un peuple compl\u00e8tement d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9. Pendant quelques semaines, l&rsquo;Am\u00e9rique a cru que la fin d&rsquo;un syst\u00e8me, d&rsquo;une civilisation, \u00e9tait tout proche.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb<em>Rien de cela, encore. Nous ne voyons ni n&rsquo;entendons encore de manifestations d&rsquo;un tel d\u00e9sespoir, d&rsquo;une telle intensit\u00e9 tragique manifest\u00e9e dans les perceptions et les \u00e9lans collectifs. De ce point de vue, notre \u00e9poque est \u00e9trangement inf\u00e9conde, comme si elle se trouvait st\u00e9rilis\u00e9e par le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne de la communication qui cr\u00e9e des univers virtuels et des consignes moralisantes et de comportement, comme si elle se trouvait enti\u00e8rement atomis\u00e9e par l&rsquo;individualisme d\u00e9structurant du syst\u00e8me, et aussit\u00f4t embrigad\u00e9e et contrainte par le conformisme de fer qui gouverne les esprits. Etrange r\u00e9sultat de la civilisation, qui a de quoi alimenter nos r\u00e9flexions humanistes.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb<em>&#8230; C&rsquo;est pourquoi nous parlons de psychologie plus que d&rsquo;une prise de conscience. Ce sont les techniciens et autres people du domaine, les Greenspan et les Soros, qui se r\u00e9f\u00e8rent \u00e0 la Grande D\u00e9pression. Ceux-l\u00e0 en parlent du point de vue technique et sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e et ignorent la dimension tragique de la Grande D\u00e9pression. La r\u00e9f\u00e9rence de la Grande D\u00e9pression est sollicit\u00e9e intellectuellement, sans grande \u00e9motion ni perception de la puissance du ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne historique. Pour notre part, cette r\u00e9f\u00e9rence nous importe parce qu&rsquo;elle nous confirme qu&rsquo;effectivement le pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent historique tragique de la Grande D\u00e9pression est dans notre psychologie; on n&rsquo;en per\u00e7oit que la partie \u00e9merg\u00e9e comme celle d&rsquo;un iceberg, la partie technicienne, s\u00e8che dans le sens d&rsquo;inhumaine. Ce constat doit nous faire comprendre qu&rsquo;il existe un \u00e9norme potentiel explosif tapi dans nos psychologies, parce que la r\u00e9f\u00e9rence de la Grande D\u00e9pression est par essence la r\u00e9f\u00e9rence de la trag\u00e9die syst\u00e9mique.<\/em>\u00bb<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La rue commence \u00e0 parler 1er avril 2008 L&rsquo;image est, aujourd&rsquo;hui, ma\u00eetresse de la perception de la situation du monde. Sa force est d&rsquo;autant plus forte si, en plus d&rsquo;\u00eatre un reflet, plus ou moins approximativement juste (plut\u00f4t qu&rsquo;exact), de cette situation, elle rappelle \u00e9galement une r\u00e9f\u00e9rence historique. The Independent de ce matin synth\u00e9tise un&hellip;&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[3083,7506,2891,3922,5608,7505,7508,7507],"class_list":["post-69798","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-faits-et-commentaires","tag-depression","tag-food","tag-grande","tag-independent","tag-populaire","tag-rue","tag-soupe","tag-stamps"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69798","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=69798"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69798\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=69798"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=69798"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=69798"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}