Times<\/em>:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n\t\u00abIn Geneva, Kamal Nath, the Indian Trade Minister, was gritting his teeth, doing his best to justify a wrecking operation that has earned him brickbats from all round. He has brought to an end a seven-year struggle for a global trade agreement that would open borders and reduce subsidies and he knows it. However, he was not looking at his negotiating partners, the Brazilian, American, European and Argentinean ministers. He had his eyes fixed on Delhi, where the Indian Reserve Bank Governor was raising interest rates and signalling an economic slowdown.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n\t\u00bbMr Nath’s problem was the wretched farmers, not the East Anglian sugar barons or the American cotton kings, so often the butt of abuse. There is another group of farmers who wallow in subsidies, wreck government budgets and who demand high tariff walls to keep out imports of cheaper food. These are India’s peasantry and their political power is being felt on a global scale. Mr Nath could not afford to ignore them: India’s rural population numbers 600 million, the last BJP Government was brought down for ignoring them and this Congress Party Government is unlikely to make that mistake. The Indian farmers’ demand for protection against import surges was the main obstacle to the tariff-cutting deal that failed in Geneva.<\/em>\u00bb<\/p>\n<\/p>\n\tLe m\u00eame argument a conduit la Chine \u00e0 soutenir la position de l’Inde, puisque la Chine veut, elle aussi, prot\u00e9ger ses agriculteurs. Comme dans le cas de l’Inde, il s’agit bien d’une question politique: tout faire pour \u00e9viter que s’installe une situation o\u00f9 la col\u00e8re de la paysannerie pourrait mettre en p\u00e9ril l’\u00e9quilibre politique, voire la structure m\u00eame de cet \u00e9norme pays.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\t\u00abChina, too, is ruled by the economics of the farm, not factories of Guangdong. According to Standard Chartered, the cost of food, which absorbs more than a third of income, is beginning to hit spending. Food is crowding out consumer goods, exposing the risk that China’s factories will struggle to find domestic buyers to replace insolvent Americans.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n\t\u00bbThere are no Brics, the world is coupled; exports represent 40 per cent of Chinese GDP and it is clear that politicians in Beijing and Delhi fear a slowdown that will shut down factories, reduce the safety valve of migration to the cities, transforming the rural migrant into a potential constituent of a mob.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n\t\u00bbIt is political fear that ended the trade talks in Switzerland, fear of the countryside rampant.<\/em>\u00bb<\/p>\n<\/p>\n\tAujourd’hui, les batailles de la globalisation qui se terminent en d\u00e9route pour la globalisation ne se livrent pas fondamentalement selon des arguments \u00e9conomiques. L’\u00e9conomie est l\u00e0 essentiellement comme un r\u00e9v\u00e9lateur de la situation politique, et elle est utilis\u00e9e \u00e0 partir de l\u00e0 comme un outil pour intervenir dans cette situation politique. Il faut conclure que la globalisation du monde, qui est un courant d\u00e9structurant cr\u00e9ant une instabilit\u00e9 proclam\u00e9e comme cr\u00e9atrice (la destruction cr\u00e9atrice des hyper lib\u00e9raux), a surtout pour effet inattendu de susciter indirectement la peur des pouvoirs politiques devant les conditions sociales qui peuvent r\u00e9sulter des nouvelles situations ainsi cr\u00e9\u00e9es. Il n’est m\u00eame pas n\u00e9cessaire d’en arriver au stade de la r\u00e9volte pour cela, la peur de la r\u00e9volte suffit.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\tC’est un autre effet pervers de la globalisation d’ailleurs: l’affaiblissement g\u00e9n\u00e9ral des pouvoirs politiques, jug\u00e9 b\u00e9n\u00e9fique pour l’\u00e9conomie globalis\u00e9e \u00e0 cause de la r\u00e9duction des tendances nationalistes, accroit la fragilit\u00e9 de ces pouvoirs, et, par cons\u00e9quent, leur vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 aux tensions sociales avec leurs effets politiques. La faiblesse du pouvoir politique, qui le fait c\u00e9der \u00e0 la menace sociale avant que cette menace ne se manifeste, marque paradoxalement la revanche de l’argument politique sur la pression de l’\u00e9conomie globalis\u00e9e. La peur politique du pouvoir politique affaibli ne cesse de prendre le dessus. (\u00abIt is small wonder that India and China are championing the cause of peasants, because governments in both countries fear the wrath of rural communities suffering from rising fuel and food prices and the cost of credit.<\/em>\u00bb)<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\tMis en ligne le 30 juillet 2008 \u00e0 11H07<\/p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
L’\u00e9chec des n\u00e9gociations du Doha Round de l’OMC, \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve, poursuit la d\u00e9route du processus de globalisation. Au-del\u00e0 des g\u00e9missements convenus des pleureuses devant la d\u00e9pouille du processus devant acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer la prosp\u00e9rit\u00e9 du monde, on mesure de quelle prosp\u00e9rit\u00e9 il s’agit devant le spectacle du monde d’aujourd’hui, d’ores et d\u00e9j\u00e0 enfant de la globalisation, il… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[3977,4795,3378,7703],"class_list":["post-70080","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bloc-notes","tag-chine","tag-doha","tag-inde","tag-paysans"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70080","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=70080"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70080\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=70080"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=70080"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=70080"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}