Parmi les divers cris de d\u00e9tresse qu’engendre la crise globalis\u00e9e qu’a d\u00e9clench\u00e9e le syst\u00e8me, puisqu’il s’av\u00e8re ainsi que la globalisation existe, se signalent ceux qui renvoient \u00e0 notre Saint \u00e0 tous. Il s’av\u00e8re \u00e9galement, autre confirmation, que la popularit\u00e9 de Saint-FDR est si grande, presque autant qu’elle le fut aux sombres jours de 1932-1933. Cette fois, c’est un vieux de la vieille du conservatisme libre-\u00e9changiste britannique, un pilier du Times<\/em>, William Rees-Mogg, qui en appelle aux m\u00e2nes fameuses dans sa chronique du 6 octobre<\/a>, cette fois pour prier humblement pour que Barack Obama veuillent bien s’en charger et s’en faire l’\u00e9cho. L’id\u00e9e de Rees-Mogg est bien s\u00fbr que nous avons besoin d’un exceptionnalisme am\u00e9ricaniste, d’une fa\u00e7on ou l’autre, celui du syst\u00e8me lui-m\u00eame, celui du pr\u00e9sident s’il ne reste que cela, \u00ab Could Obama be the new Roosevelt? The world is facing another crisis of financial confidence we need an exceptional American president to deal with it.<\/em>\u00bb<\/p>\n<\/p>\n \tC’est une \u00e9trange d\u00e9marche que d’en appeler au syst\u00e8me qui n’a pas march\u00e9, qui s’effondre dans un bruit d’enfer, d’en appeler \u00e0 lui pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment pour qu’il nous sorte de l\u00e0; mais notre pens\u00e9e, lorsqu’il s’agit de l’Am\u00e9rique, rejoint l’h\u00e9b\u00e9tude lorsque la fascination ne suffit plus. Pour autant, ne nous d\u00e9courageons pas et voyons le propos, qui est d’appeler Obama \u00e0 se transformer en Franklin Delano Roosevelt <\/p>\n<\/p>\n \t\u00abThere has been less discussion of the similarities of the US political situation in the election years of 1932 and 2008. It cannot be said that the presidential debate has so far shown much intellectual rigour. Of the four candidates in these elections, the incumbent Republican president in 1932, Herbert Hoover, probably had the best grasp of economic theory, though it could be said that the existing theories were inadequate for the crisis.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n \t\u00bbThe Democratic candidates were Franklin Roosevelt in 1932 and Barack Obama in 2008. Neither man had qualified as an economist, both had trained as lawyers, both went to Harvard. In 1904 Roosevelt stayed on an extra year to edit the Harvard Crimson; Obama became the editor of The Harvard Law Review. Both were, or are, gifted orators, relying as politicians on an ability to communicate to the public, and move them.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n \t[]<\/p>\n<\/p>\n \t\u00bbBut the optimism of Roosevelt was infectious; gradually confidence began to return after he took office. The Democrats did not have all the answers, but they seem to have fewer wrong answers than the Hoover Republicans. Roosevelt believed in reflation rather than further deflation. In the 1930s Roosevelt was the prophet of hope for the United States, just as he was for the free world in the 1940s. He was a very, very great President.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n \t\u00bbThis is again an opportunity for the Democrats. The world is facing another crisis of financial confidence, for which the Republican administration is widely blamed. Can Barack Obama, if he is elected, restore confidence in 2008 in the way Franklin Roosevelt did after his victory in 1932?<\/em>\u00bb<\/p>\n<\/p>\n \tLa mission affect\u00e9e \u00e0 Barack Obama serait alors de retrouver les qualit\u00e9s de grand communicateur de Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Et cela devrait commencer par le coup de ma\u00eetre de FDR, son discours inaugural de mars 1933, si avidement comment\u00e9 aujourd’hui avec la phrase fameuse sur la peur.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n \t\u00abHowever, we do know when the last global banking crisis was turned round, when confidence started to recover. Indeed, the Great Depression has precise dates for its beginning, which was the Wall Street panic on October 24, 1929, and for its recovery point, which came with Franklin Roosevelt’s inaugural address on March 4, 1933.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n \t\u00bbIn his 1,000-page biography of Roosevelt, which has become one of my most valued works of reference, Conrad Black observes that there are only two other inaugural addresses that are as well known to Americans, John F.Kennedy’s in 1961, and Abraham Lincoln’s second inaugural on March 4, 1865. American schoolchildren are still taught Lincoln’s great pledge: With malice towards none; with charity for all; with firmness in the right as God gives us to see the right. That was Lincoln’s commitment to reconciliation after the Civil War. Only assassination prevented him from fulfilling it.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n \t\u00bbRoosevelt’s inaugural address has been quoted repeatedly in the past few weeks. This great nation will endure as it has endured, will revive and will prosper. So first of all let me assert my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself nameless, unreasoning, unjustified terror which paralyses efforts to convert retreat into advance.<\/em>\u00bb<\/p>\n<\/p>\n \tCette r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 FDR et \u00e0 son action est logique dans le d\u00e9roulement de la crise, lorsque les m\u00e9thodes financi\u00e8res et habituelles ne donnent plus gu\u00e8re de r\u00e9sultat comme c’est le cas. On voit qu’elle est faite d\u00e9sormais essentiellement, sinon exclusivement, dans le champ de l’action psychologique, de la communication, qui caract\u00e9rise l’arriv\u00e9e de FDR au pouvoir (ce que nous identifions<\/a> comme la trag\u00e9die historique, qui s’accomplit entre l’\u00e9t\u00e9 1931 et le printemps 1933, et non l’accident \u00e9conomique, qui dura au moins jusqu’en 1939-1940).<\/p>\n<\/p>\n \tIl nous semble qu’on peut alors proposer trois remarques \u00e0 propos de ce commentaire.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n \t La premi\u00e8re est de se demander si l’opinion publique a la perception, m\u00eame inconsciente, d’une trag\u00e9die historique, comme celle de 1931-33, de fa\u00e7on \u00e0 pouvoir r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 l’incitation envisag\u00e9e. Le paradoxe dans ce cas est que cette remarque revient \u00e0 se demander si l’opinion publique a assez<\/strong> peur, si elle est assez d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e pour que le choc envisag\u00e9 ait assez de force pour la r\u00e9tablir compl\u00e8tement en transformant la puissance de cette peur en puissance d’une sorte de renaissance.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n \t La deuxi\u00e8me remarque concerne la perte de confiance observ\u00e9e d’une fa\u00e7on g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, qui concerne particuli\u00e8rement le syst\u00e8me lui-m\u00eame. Cela est perceptible au travers notamment de la col\u00e8re contre le plan Paulson, c’est-\u00e0-dire indirectement contre Wall Street. Ce sentiment n’existait pas en 1932-33, trois ans apr\u00e8s le grand krach de Wall Street. A cette \u00e9poque, le d\u00e9sespoir avait compl\u00e8tement submerg\u00e9 tous les autres sentiments, y compris la col\u00e8re \u00e9ventuellement antisyst\u00e8me (qui s’exprima plus dans les ann\u00e9es 1934-36) et c’est l\u00e0-dessus que l’action de FDR fut si efficace. <\/p>\n<\/p>\n \t La troisi\u00e8me remarque est de savoir si Obama lui-m\u00eame a la perception de cette trag\u00e9die historique, et s’il saurait \u00e9ventuellement se d\u00e9gager du carcan du conformisme du syst\u00e8me. Cela revient \u00e0 se demander, en fonction de la remarque pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, si Obama saurait attaquer d’une certaine fa\u00e7on le syst\u00e8me lui-m\u00eame, qu’il parvienne \u00e0 se transformer<\/a> en Gorbatchev am\u00e9ricain<\/a> Jusqu’ici, son orientation ne va gu\u00e8re dans ce sens, par exemple lorsqu’on observe qu’il fut l’un des principaux soutiens du plan Paulson.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n \tLa conclusion est une remarque d’ordre plus g\u00e9n\u00e9ral. La puissance de l’intervention de FDR tint en ce qu’elle \u00e9tait impr\u00e9vue et inattendue. Ce que propose Rees-Mogg, \u00e9tant d’ores et d\u00e9j\u00e0 tenu pour un fait acquis qu’Obama sera \u00e9lu, c’est de planifier et de pr\u00e9parer l’impr\u00e9vu et l’inattendu. Cela mesure la difficult\u00e9 de la t\u00e2che.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \tMis en ligne le 7 octobre 2008 \u00e0 07H34<\/p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Parmi les divers cris de d\u00e9tresse qu’engendre la crise globalis\u00e9e qu’a d\u00e9clench\u00e9e le syst\u00e8me, puisqu’il s’av\u00e8re ainsi que la globalisation existe, se signalent ceux qui renvoient \u00e0 notre Saint \u00e0 tous. Il s’av\u00e8re \u00e9galement, autre confirmation, que la popularit\u00e9 de Saint-FDR est si grande, presque autant qu’elle le fut aux sombres jours de 1932-1933. Cette… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[6673,3083,3184,2891,6208,3099,7678,3080],"class_list":["post-70256","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bloc-notes","tag-6673","tag-depression","tag-fdr","tag-grande","tag-obama","tag-psychologie","tag-rees-mogg","tag-roosevelt"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70256","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=70256"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70256\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=70256"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=70256"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=70256"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}