{"id":70458,"date":"2009-01-12T13:17:26","date_gmt":"2009-01-12T13:17:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/2009\/01\/12\/israel-futur-failed-state\/"},"modified":"2009-01-12T13:17:26","modified_gmt":"2009-01-12T13:17:26","slug":"israel-futur-failed-state","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/2009\/01\/12\/israel-futur-failed-state\/","title":{"rendered":"Isra\u00ebl, futur \u201cfailed state<\/em>\u201d?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Alors que la bataille d\u00e9chire Gaza et que l’action d’Isra\u00ebl et les effets de sa politique militaire agressive sont de plus en plus contest\u00e9s, l’observation d’un fait social et d\u00e9structurant important mais assez m\u00e9connu prend une dimension int\u00e9ressante. Un article du Los Angeles Times<\/em> du 6 janvier 2009<\/a> offre une perspective sur le crime organis\u00e9 en Isra\u00ebl, qui semble \u00eatre devenu un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne social majeur.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00abReporting from Jerusalem His name rhymed with Al Capone and he came to a bad end behind the wheel of a rented white Volkswagen. Until the moment a bomb planted on his car exploded on a Tel Aviv street, mob boss Yaakov Alperon was living large. He and his Carmela Soprano-blond wife, Ahuva, were media darlings who even took part in a 2006 reality show in which a famous Israeli model moved in with their family.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00bbAfter her husband’s assassination in November, a tearful Ahuva went on Israeli television to plead for an end to the violence. I’m left with seven orphans, she said. I beg you, don’t look for revenge. But as he stood over his father’s grave, one of her sons appeared to have vengeance on his mind: I will send back that person to God, he said. He won’t have a grave because I’ll cut off his hands, head and body.<\/em> <\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00bbIsraelis are fond of saying they live in a rough neighborhood. But chances are they aren’t talking about what’s been happening recently in this country of 7 million. An over-the-top gang war between Israeli crime families, complete with daylight bombings, bystander deaths and the occasional rocket attack, has laid bare the shortcomings of the country’s formidable security apparatus. In many respects we are losing the battle, said Menachem Amir, a criminology professor at Hebrew University.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00bbOrganized crime blossomed here in the 1980s and ’90s while security forces were focused on Palestinian terrorist threats. By the time Israeli authorities truly began to grapple with the problem a few years ago, they faced a sophisticated global network of gambling, prostitution and drug trafficking, with Los Angeles as one of its hubs.<\/em>\u00bb<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\tLe rapport entre cette situation des organisations criminelles et la situation de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale, effort maximal et constant contre diff\u00e9rents ennemis, essentiellement le terrorisme, militarisation de l’Etat, politique ax\u00e9e sur l’emploi de la force, vient \u00e9videmment \u00e0 l’esprit. Il est largement confirm\u00e9 par les faits, en plus de la corr\u00e9lation de date (naissance et d\u00e9veloppement du crime organis\u00e9 dans les ann\u00e9es 1980).<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00abIsrael is a heavily militarized country where weapons flow freely. While the intelligence agencies and army vigilantly watch the borders for Palestinians intent on carrying out attacks, Israeli criminals use the country’s tightknit social connections to steal guns, explosives and antitank missiles from the army. Why would you bother smuggling weapons into Israel? Amir said. Everybody has weapons.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00bbThe country’s mandatory military service also produces a uniquely trained recruiting pool for the mafia. Amir Mulner, a reputed mob boss and explosives expert, reportedly learned his lethal skills in the army. A lot of Israelis, they get out of the army and they don’t have a job. They’re for hire, said Amir, the criminology professor.<\/em>\u00bb<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\tCertains aspects de la situation renvoient \u00e0 des r\u00e9f\u00e9rences typiques pour la technique et les pratiques, que ce soit le crime organis\u00e9 aux USA (Cosa Nostra<\/em>), notamment dans la p\u00e9riode des ann\u00e9es 1940 et 1950, que ce soit la situation en Sicile avec la Mafia omnipr\u00e9sente, la mafia russe, etc.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00abIsrael’s size smaller than New Hampshire greatly hinders one of the key aspects of any organized crime prosecution, inducing mid-level mafiosi to turn informant and testify against their bosses. Put simply, Israeli police have been unable to protect their witnesses, and several cases have fallen apart when witnesses either recanted their testimony or were killed. In December 2005, convicted murderer Yoni Alzam was poisoned in his prison cell the day before he was to testify in a mafia trial.<\/em> <\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00bbIf someone gives testimony, the day afterward they will be killed with their family, said Livneh, head of the nascent witness protection department. Israel is very good at fighting terror. We have to reach the same level of ability in fighting crime families. The danger is the same.<\/em>\u00bb<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\tIl s’agit d’un aspect de la situation d’Isra\u00ebl qui est extr\u00eamement peu connu par rapport \u00e0 l’image que l’actualit\u00e9 nous restitue d’Isra\u00ebl, et qui nous appara\u00eet comme extr\u00eamement spectaculaire quand il est connu. Comme pour le cas de la transformation, de l’am\u00e9ricanisation<\/a> de l’arm\u00e9e isra\u00e9lienne, Tsahal<\/em> devenant symboliquement l’IDF, ou Isra\u00ebl Defense Force, le d\u00e9veloppement du crime organis\u00e9 r\u00e9pond au calendrier de l’am\u00e9ricanisation d’Isra\u00ebl en m\u00eame temps que de l’introduction d’une \u00e9conomie lib\u00e9rale qui favorise notamment l’individualisme, l’atomisation de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, sa fragmentation, etc. L’autre aspect, qui est l’\u00e9volution de la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 vers l’obsession s\u00e9curitaire, c’est-\u00e0-dire la bataille permanente contre le terrorisme, puis contre la terreur \u00e0 l’image de la bataille men\u00e9e par les USA, avec l’usage de moyens de plus en plus violents et de plus en plus d\u00e9structurants, nourrit un contre-coup g\u00e9n\u00e9ral \u00e0 l’int\u00e9rieur d’Isra\u00ebl. D’une certaine fa\u00e7on, l’ill\u00e9galit\u00e9 fonci\u00e8re de l’action ext\u00e9rieure d’Isra\u00ebl se retrouve dans l’\u00e9volution int\u00e9rieure; que cette ill\u00e9galit\u00e9 soit justifi\u00e9e ou pas importe peu, du moment qu’elle existe d’une fa\u00e7on ouverte, affich\u00e9e, et qu’elle est quasi-permanente.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\tCette \u00e9volution qui apparente par certains c\u00f4t\u00e9s Isra\u00ebl \u00e0 un de ces failed states<\/em> que ce pays s’emploie en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, comme les USA, \u00e0 consid\u00e9rer avec le plus grand m\u00e9pris, rejoint finalement celle de tout le syst\u00e8me. De m\u00eame, aux USA, de plus en plus d’aspects et de situations de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 et des infrastructures renvoient au Tiers-Monde. Il y a l\u00e0 une disparit\u00e9 criante et de moins en moins supportable, entre cette r\u00e9alit\u00e9 d\u00e9couverte d’Isra\u00ebl de l’\u00e9volution de la situation int\u00e9rieure sociale illustr\u00e9e par celle du crime organis\u00e9e et les affirmations officielles de ce pays, \u00e0 la fois des valeurs s’apparentant aux valeurs occidentales, \u00e0 la fois d’un combat ext\u00e9rieur pratiqu\u00e9 impitoyablement pour une cause identifi\u00e9e par une pression ininterrompue de la communication \u00e0 la justice et \u00e0 la libert\u00e9. L’impuissance ou l’incomp\u00e9tence des services de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 face au crime organis\u00e9e semblent avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 renouvel\u00e9es r\u00e9cemment, selon l’article, comme pour accompagner le regain d’activit\u00e9 agressives ext\u00e9rieures de l’IDF: \u00ab[T]oday, the growing confidence and capability of the Israeli police are being badly undermined by their inability to contain a series of violent feuds between the top families many of them tightknit clans of Arab Jews who emigrated here from Egypt and Morocco. The string of public shootings, bombings and rocket attacks has killed and wounded dozens of bystanders.<\/em>\u00bb<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\tIl est possible que certains estiment que les actions men\u00e9es par l’IDF, comme \u00e0 Gaza actuellement, contribuent op\u00e9rationnellement \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 d’Isra\u00ebl. M\u00eame ce fait est tr\u00e8s fortement contestable, on peut admettre qu’il soit d\u00e9battu. Ce qui nous semble par contre indiscutable, c’est que cet usage forcen\u00e9 de la violence au m\u00e9pris des r\u00e8gles et des structures l\u00e9gales a fortement relativis\u00e9 la perception des citoyens isra\u00e9liens de leur cadre int\u00e9rieur l\u00e9gal et de sa n\u00e9cessit\u00e9, et a constitu\u00e9 un cadre bien adapt\u00e9 pour accueillir le d\u00e9veloppement du crime organis\u00e9. Le concept de failed state<\/em>, ou \u00e9ventuellement de failed nation<\/em>, se d\u00e9veloppe encore plus par la psychologie que par les faits sociaux.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\tMis en ligne le 12 janvier 2009 \u00e0 13H00<\/p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Alors que la bataille d\u00e9chire Gaza et que l’action d’Isra\u00ebl et les effets de sa politique militaire agressive sont de plus en plus contest\u00e9s, l’observation d’un fait social et d\u00e9structurant important mais assez m\u00e9connu prend une dimension int\u00e9ressante. Un article du Los Angeles Times du 6 janvier 2009 offre une perspective sur le crime organis\u00e9… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[8039,8041,2774,7510,4194,8040,3099,3973],"class_list":["post-70458","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bloc-notes","tag-crime","tag-failed","tag-israel","tag-mafia","tag-nation","tag-organise","tag-psychologie","tag-state"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70458","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=70458"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70458\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=70458"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=70458"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=70458"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}