Les USA sont contraints d’assister dans une posture assez proche de l’impuissance \u00e0 une attaque g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9e qui s’est d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e ces derni\u00e8res semaines et, particuli\u00e8rement, ces derniers jours, notamment de la part du bloc des nouveaux venus entr\u00e9s sur la sc\u00e8ne internationale, en tant que bloc justement, par le biais du G20 et dans ce cadre. Il s’agit de la bande des quatre, Br\u00e9sil, Russie, Inde et Chine, pour reprendre l’ordre de l’acronyme assez heureux qui les d\u00e9signe (BRIC<\/a>), inaugur\u00e9 nous disent les r\u00e9f\u00e9rences par un rapport de Goldman Sachs en 2003.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n \tUn article du New York Times<\/em> du 30 mars 2009<\/a>, constate effectivement: \u00abRising Powers challenge U.S. on role in I.M.F.<\/em>\u00bb (d\u00e9fi \u00e0 propos du r\u00f4le du FMI, comme du reste d’ailleurs, ce qui importe est bien entendu ce Rising Powers challenge…<\/em>).<\/p>\n<\/p>\n \tL’article d\u00e9crit la bataille en cours autour de la r\u00e9forme du FMI, tandis que dans les autres grands domaines les positions sont assez fig\u00e9es, faisant effectivement penser que le G20 du 2 avril n’aboutira certainement pas \u00e0 des actes d\u00e9cisifs. Puis l’article poursuit, en donnant cette appr\u00e9ciation politique de cette bataille autour du FMI (pour illustration de notre propos apr\u00e8s la citation, nous nous sommes permis de souligner en gras, dans cette citation, quelques mots indiquant une situation n\u00e9gative, dont on voit aussit\u00f4t qu’elle s’exerce aux d\u00e9pens essentiellement des USA.)<\/p>\n<\/p>\n \t\u00abTheir arms may yet be twisted, but they simply<\/em> do not<\/em><\/strong> want to pony up based on vague promises of governance reform, said Eswar S. Prasad, a professor of economics at Cornell University who has discussed the matter in recent days with Chinese and Indian officials.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n \t\u00bbGiven the inevitability that these countries will have a growing influence, the London summit meeting, which begins Thursday, is likely to be remembered as the<\/em> last<\/em><\/strong> hurrah for the U.S. and Europe rescuing the world economy, said Simon Johnson, a professor at M.I.T. and a former chief economist of the fund.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n \t\u00bbOne reason the I.M.F. has emerged as such a popular cause is that the United States has been<\/em> unable<\/em><\/strong> to rally countries behind its other major priority: economic stimulus. The European Union opposes further stimulus packages in 2010, arguing that its social safety net makes an increase in government spending unnecessary.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n \t\u00bbEuropean and American officials are also still divided, to a lesser degree, on how to rewrite international financial regulations. France and Germany are more receptive than the United States to giving regulators supranational authority to scrutinize global banks and other financial companies.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n \t\u00bbThe United States is<\/em> desperately<\/em><\/strong> trying to assert leadership, as if it were 10 years ago, when the U.S. set the agenda, said Kenneth S. Rogoff, an economist at Harvard and another former chief economist of the fund.<\/em>\u00bb<\/p>\n<\/p>\n \tAinsi appara\u00eet l’enjeu essentiel de ce G20, alors qu’il appara\u00eet parall\u00e8lement, et de plus en assur\u00e9ment, qu’aucune r\u00e9forme \u00e9conomique ou financi\u00e8re d\u00e9cisive n’a de chance de s’imposer, dans un sens ou l’autre, dans le sens du retour \u00e0 l’orthodoxie ou dans le sens d’un changement significatif. Cet enjeu est sans aucun doute politique. Il porte sur l’\u00e9quilibre des influences, sur les enjeux d’affirmations de puissance. Le bloc du BRIC joue un r\u00f4le essentiel mais l’Europe a aussi le sien, en maintenant son opposition aux USA sous la pouss\u00e9e de la France et de l’Allemagne, face aux demandes US de lancer des initiatives de nouveaux apports de financement public. Le Times<\/em> de Londres \t\u00abSome seasoned observers believe that Mr Obama has not helped the cause of unity by showing insufficient regard for national sensibilities in recent weeks. Developing economies, having been lectured by the US about the joys of the free market and the need for deregulation, are in no mood to share the burden for fixing a crisis that they blame squarely on America.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n \t\u00bbEuropean countries, which already spend much more than the US on welfare while harbouring deep-rooted fears dating from the past century about inflation, have also refused to heed Mr Obama’s exhortations. And recession has weakened allies such as Gordon Brown, who has extremely limited reserves of capital both political and economic to spend.<\/em>\u00bb<\/p>\n<\/p>\n \tL’amertume colore d\u00e9sormais la perception politique de la situation \u00e9conomique et financi\u00e8re des USA. Il s’agit de l’amertume du d\u00e9clin, caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 par le constat qu’aujourd’hui les USA ne sont plus capables d’imposer leur volont\u00e9 au reste du monde comme ils le firent pendant au moins deux tiers de si\u00e8cle. L’ascension du bloc des BRIC, comme le durcissement de l’Allemagne et de la France, tout tient son r\u00f4le dans cette nouvelle situation. Il est difficile de d\u00e9terminer la cause d\u00e9cisive de toutes ces situations qui s’interp\u00e9n\u00e8trent, et, d’ailleurs, assez peu utile. Le r\u00e9sultat, lui, est d\u00e9cisif.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \tMis en ligne le 30 mars 2009 \u00e0 16H15<\/p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Les USA sont contraints d’assister dans une posture assez proche de l’impuissance \u00e0 une attaque g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9e qui s’est d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e ces derni\u00e8res semaines et, particuli\u00e8rement, ces derniers jours, notamment de la part du bloc des nouveaux venus entr\u00e9s sur la sc\u00e8ne internationale, en tant que bloc justement, par le biais du G20 et dans ce cadre.… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[8220,2899,4965,7932,3650,3090],"class_list":["post-70652","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bloc-notes","tag-bric","tag-declin","tag-fmi","tag-g20","tag-hegemonie","tag-influence"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70652","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=70652"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70652\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=70652"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=70652"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=70652"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}