{"id":70964,"date":"2009-08-06T08:45:15","date_gmt":"2009-08-06T08:45:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/2009\/08\/06\/lamerican-gorbatchev-a-t-il-le-caractere-dun-anti-gorbatchev\/"},"modified":"2009-08-06T08:45:15","modified_gmt":"2009-08-06T08:45:15","slug":"lamerican-gorbatchev-a-t-il-le-caractere-dun-anti-gorbatchev","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/2009\/08\/06\/lamerican-gorbatchev-a-t-il-le-caractere-dun-anti-gorbatchev\/","title":{"rendered":"L’\u201cAmerican<\/em> Gorbatchev\u201d a-t-il le caract\u00e8re d’un anti-Gorbatchev?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Un professeur de litt\u00e9rature \u00e0 Yale, David Bromwich, fait une analyse de la psychologie et du caract\u00e8re du pr\u00e9sident Obama, sur Huffington.post<\/em> le 4 ao\u00fbt 2009<\/a>. C’est une analyse int\u00e9ressante dans la mesure o\u00f9 elle permet de mieux comprendre l’\u00e9volution politique de la pr\u00e9sidence Obama (et le fait que Bromwich soit professeur de litt\u00e9rature et non professeur de psychologie ne d\u00e9ment certes pas l’int\u00e9r\u00eat de son analyse, nous dirions m\u00eame au contraire). C’est d’autant plus une analyse int\u00e9ressante qu’Obama est le pr\u00e9sident d’une situation qui n\u00e9cessite le changement radical, et que toute la question autour de sa pr\u00e9sidence est de savoir s’il parviendra \u00e0 cette fin, s’il en a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\tLa question que pose Bromwich est de savoir si BHO ne se r\u00eave pas comme une sorte de mod\u00e9rateur de tous les grands d\u00e9bats nationaux, et un mod\u00e9rateur qui serait justement, au contraire de ce que doit \u00eatre un pr\u00e9sident, compl\u00e8tement apolitique. Bromwich rappelle ce fait connu, d’ailleurs d\u00e9j\u00e0 signal\u00e9 ici ou l\u00e0 sur ce site, d’un Obama qui, comme professeur, montrait un incomparable brio sans qu’on sache jamais ce qu’il pensait vraiment. (\u00abOne of the strangest facts we know about Obama is that his colleagues and students at the University of Chicago Law School came away from discussions very impressed with his abilities, but not knowing what he thought about many issues.<\/em>\u00bb)<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\tBromwich observe qu’Obama m\u00e9nage toutes les forces, particuli\u00e8rement celles de l’establishment<\/em>, tout en agitant et en suscitant des objectifs de changement importants, qui correspondent \u00e0 l’\u00e9vidence de la situation et qui impliqueraient \u00e0 un moment ou l’autre de s’opposer \u00e0 des forces de l’establishment<\/em>. La chose est visible dans sa politique ext\u00e9rieure \u00e9galement: des ambitions affirm\u00e9es, parfois des petits pas vers ces ambitions, mais pas plus, de crainte de l’opposition. (\u00abIn dealing with some of these issues, Obama has stepped forward and then back. On some, he has not yet taken a first step away from his predecessor.<\/em>\u00bb) Cela donne \u00e0 Obama une image qui m\u00e9lange, ou plut\u00f4t confronte d’une fa\u00e7on qui para\u00eet assez insoluble l’ambition et la timidit\u00e9, ou la grandeur et la r\u00e9serve: \u00abDoubtless a certain grandiosity is an aspect of the man. But if it is bad, all things being equal, to appear grandiose and worse to appear timid, it is the worst of all to be grandiose and then timid.<\/em>\u00bb<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\tVoici la description que fait Bromwich du caract\u00e8re de BHO confront\u00e9 \u00e0 son action, notamment comme pr\u00e9sident, notamment \u00e0 la lumi\u00e8re de ce qu’on sait de sa carri\u00e8re pr\u00e9c\u00e9demment.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00abHis characteristic way of handling confusion in the audience is to come back and give good answers to questions. That is very well, but no substitute for an early explanation. Mopping up in question-period is an academic skill: the points you didn’t capture in lecture, you recover when the hands go up. But this presumes that everyone signed up for the lectures and everyone already knows something. Here, Obama’s two opposing traits, the caution and the presumption, have joined with results that are deeply unhappy. He arrogates. He does not indicate. And when the argument is well underway, he starts his major explanation as an afterthought.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00bbObama cherishes the ideal of a frictionless transformation of society. It is a wish for aesthetic harmony, which he mistakes for a political goal. Its attainment would be a beautiful thing. But no matter how much he appeals for comity Obama is certain to give offense to some. Better to choose your times and targets than allow others to force that choice.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00bbHis aversion to strife was plain from his conduct in the primaries and the general-election campaign. But the degree of avoidance we have seen could never have been predicted. Obama’s training, one recalls, was in the community-reform methods of Saul Alinsky; and yet he seems to have adapted the relevant ideas in foreshortened form. The Alinsky process of reform, as Jeffrey Stout has pointed out, goes from powerlessness to power in several stages. There is, first, the public recognition of powerlessness; then the airing of injustices, by legitimate polarization and active protest; then proposals of concrete reform; and only at last, power-sharing and reconciliation.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00bbThe strange thing about Obama is that he seems to suppose a community can pass directly from the sense of real injustice to a full reconciliation between the powerful and the powerless, without any of the unpleasant intervening collisions. This is a choice of emphasis that suits his temperament.<\/em>\u00bb<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\tLorsqu’un homme semble insaisissable, comme on en fait souvent la remarque pour Obama, on tend \u00e0 lui faire cr\u00e9dit du meilleur mais cela peut \u00eatre aussi le pire. Un \u00eatre insaisissable peut dissimuler des desseins extraordinaires, comme il peut dissimuler une impuissance extraordinaire \u00e0 accomplir ses desseins. La dissimulation peut porter sur l’\u00e9nergie concentr\u00e9e mais non encore d\u00e9ploy\u00e9e, ou alors sur l’incapacit\u00e9 de d\u00e9ployer cette \u00e9nergie. L’explication psychologique que donne Bromwich est assez satisfaisante et montrerait que le probl\u00e8me que pose le caract\u00e8re d’Obama est bien celui de l’action; les premiers mois de sa pr\u00e9sidence renforcent effectivement l’id\u00e9e: la r\u00e9alisation qu’il faut agir mais l’incapacit\u00e9 de tenter de le faire d\u00e9cisivement. D’une certaine fa\u00e7on, cet homme que tout d\u00e9signe pour \u00eatre un American<\/em> Gorbatchev<\/a> semble n’avoir aucun des traits de caract\u00e8re fondamentaux de Gorbatchev.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\tSi l’analyse est bonne, elle n’interdit pas pour autant d’envisager l’hypoth\u00e8se du changement. A cet \u00e9gard, les \u00e9v\u00e9nements sont bien plus puissants que les caract\u00e8res, de cette fa\u00e7on que Gorbatchev, qui est ici la r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, n’a fait d’abord que r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la pression des \u00e9v\u00e9nements. (Qu’il n’ait pas r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 conserver le communisme n’a ici aucun int\u00e9r\u00eat. Nous parlons de la capacit\u00e9 d’un caract\u00e8re \u00e0 distinguer et \u00e0 \u00e9pouser tel ou tel flux \u00e9v\u00e9nementiel pour tenter de l’am\u00e9nager dans tel ou tel sens.) Un Obama plein de brio mais finalement impuissant ne sauvera pas le syst\u00e8me; il contribuera au contraire, m\u00eame si involontairement, \u00e0 sa d\u00e9gradation incontr\u00f4l\u00e9e; et cela, sans \u00e9carter la possibilit\u00e9 qu’il soit conduit, c’est-\u00e0-dire forc\u00e9 \u00e0 agir par les circonstances dans des conditions bien plus d\u00e9favorables, et pour des effets alors compl\u00e8tement impr\u00e9visibles. <\/p>\n<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\tMis en ligne le 6 ao\u00fbt 2009 \u00e0 08H44<\/p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Un professeur de litt\u00e9rature \u00e0 Yale, David Bromwich, fait une analyse de la psychologie et du caract\u00e8re du pr\u00e9sident Obama, sur Huffington.post le 4 ao\u00fbt 2009. C’est une analyse int\u00e9ressante dans la mesure o\u00f9 elle permet de mieux comprendre l’\u00e9volution politique de la pr\u00e9sidence Obama (et le fait que Bromwich soit professeur de litt\u00e9rature et… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[8423,3483,5616,6208,3099],"class_list":["post-70964","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bloc-notes","tag-bromwich","tag-gorbatchev","tag-impuissance","tag-obama","tag-psychologie"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70964","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=70964"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70964\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=70964"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=70964"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=70964"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}