{"id":71010,"date":"2009-08-24T13:48:07","date_gmt":"2009-08-24T13:48:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/2009\/08\/24\/la-guerre-a-linterieur-du-systeme\/"},"modified":"2009-08-24T13:48:07","modified_gmt":"2009-08-24T13:48:07","slug":"la-guerre-a-linterieur-du-systeme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/2009\/08\/24\/la-guerre-a-linterieur-du-systeme\/","title":{"rendered":"La guerre \u00e0 l&rsquo;int\u00e9rieur du syst\u00e8me"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><p>Tom Ridge, le premier secr\u00e9taire du d\u00e9partement de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 int\u00e9rieure (HSD, ou Home Security Department) cr\u00e9\u00e9 dans le gouvernement des USA apr\u00e8s l&rsquo;attaque du 11 septembre 2001, publie un livre de m\u00e9moires pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 comme pol\u00e9mique, en vente \u00e0 partir du 1er septembre. Le titre en est: <em>The Test of Our Times  America Under Siege&#8230;and How We Can Be Safe Again<\/em>. Ridge rapporte son exp\u00e9rience \u00e0 la t\u00eate du HSD, mais sur un mode extr\u00eamement critique, d\u00e9non\u00e7ant divers aspects de son fonctionnement politique. Il met \u00e9galement en avant diverses formules pour am\u00e9liorer le fonctionnement de la chose.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tLe <a href=\"http:\/\/www.usnews.com\/blogs\/washington-whispers\/2009\/08\/19\/tom-ridge-on-national-security-after-911.html\" class=\"gen\">19 ao\u00fbt 2009<\/a>, <em>U.S. News &#038; World Report<\/em> publiait un \u00e9cho sur quelques d\u00e9tails tr\u00e8s pol\u00e9miques du contenu du livre.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00ab[I]<em>n The Test of Our Times: America Under Siege&#8230;and How We Can Be Safe Again, out September 1, Ridge says he wants to shake public complacency over security. And to do that, well, he needs to tell all. Especially about the infighting he saw that frustrated his attempts to build a smooth-running department. Among the headlines promoted by publisher Thomas Dunne Books: Ridge was never invited to sit in on National Security Council meetings; was blindsided by the FBI in morning Oval Office meetings because the agency withheld critical information from him; found his urgings to block Michael Brown from being named head of the emergency agency blamed for the Hurricane Katrina disaster ignored; and was pushed to raise the security alert on the eve of President Bush&rsquo;s re-election, something he saw as politically motivated and worth resigning over.<\/em>\u00bb<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tLes d\u00e9clarations indirectes de Ridge, ou celles qui lui sont pr\u00eat\u00e9es dans son livre, ont aussit\u00f4t amen\u00e9 une r\u00e9plique d&rsquo;anciens officiels de l&rsquo;administration GW Bush. Par exemple, dans cet article du <a href=\"http:\/\/www.politico.com\/news\/stories\/0809\/26313.html#ixzz0OotFyXkc\" class=\"gen\">20 ao\u00fbt 2009<\/a> sur le site <em>Politico.com<\/em>. Ces anciens officiels, notamment Andy Card, de la Maison-Blanche, et Fran Townsend, qui fut la conseill\u00e8re de Ridge au d\u00e9partement, expliquent autant les raisons \u00e9videmment morales (mais avec une certaine discr\u00e9tion dans ce domaine) et (surtout) les nombreux obstacles bureaucratiques et techniques qui interdisent une telle intervention humaine (politique) pour imposer arbitrairement un niveau d&rsquo;alerte.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00ab<em>Top officials from the George W. Bush White House are disputing claims in former Homeland Security Secretary Tom Ridge&rsquo;s coming book that they pressured him to adjust the terror threat level for political gain.<\/em> <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb<em>We went over backwards repeatedly and with great discipline to make sure politics did not influence any national security and homeland security decisions, former White House chief of staff Andy Card told POLITICO. The clear instructions were to make sure politics never influenced anything. I&rsquo;m a little mystified, former homeland security adviser Fran Townsend added in an interview. Never in my experience did I see any political influence exerted on the cabinet secretary.<\/em>\u00bb [..;]<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb<em>Townsend and Card also said that the process used to change the terror threat level made almost any claim of political influence impossible. Both said any change originated with DHS and was then referred to the National Security Council. The NSC then made a recommendation to the president which was then either agreed to or rejected. Card insisted that he does not remember the president ever overturning a recommendation from DHS and NSC on any adjustment to the threat level.<\/em> <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb<em>That would definitely be an overstatement because to my knowledge the president always took the advice of the National Security Council, Card said of Ridge&rsquo;s claim. I remember saying no decisions are going to be based on politics&rsquo; regarding the threat levels. <\/em>\u00bb<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tIl est difficile de d\u00e9partager les deux camps les affirmations de Ridge et les protestations des autres  sauf \u00e0 noter qu&rsquo;ils peuvent tous avoir une part de justesse et d\u00e9crire chacun un aspect de la situation. On peut en effet tr\u00e8s bien avoir sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 \u00e0 Ridge de hausser une fausse alerte vers le plus haut pour paniquer le public, Ridge peut tr\u00e8s bien avoir essay\u00e9 de le faire sans passer par les processus bureaucratiques, ou ne pas l&rsquo;avoir essay\u00e9, comme il l&rsquo;affirme, et avoir pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d\u00e9missionner; quant aux processus bureaucratiques dont Fran Townsend affirme qu&rsquo;ils sont en place pour emp\u00eacher toute interf\u00e9rence politique, ils peuvent \u00eatre effectivement en place sans pour cela \u00eatre d&rsquo;une efficacit\u00e9 compl\u00e8te, sans que Townsend le sache, sinon dans l&rsquo;hypoth\u00e8se qu&rsquo;elle pr\u00e9f\u00e8re l&rsquo;ignorer ou l&rsquo;oublier. Tout cela ne fait qu&rsquo;accentuer, dans tous les sens, l&rsquo;image de d\u00e9sordre, d&rsquo;inefficacit\u00e9, et, malgr\u00e9 tout, l&rsquo;id\u00e9e d&rsquo;interf\u00e9rences politiques constantes dans les processus de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale, \u00e0 l&rsquo;int\u00e9rieur du gouvernement et du syst\u00e8me en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, sans aucune garantie ni d&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 ni de r\u00e9ussite.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tAussi int\u00e9ressantes, \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard, sont les autres pr\u00e9cisions de Ridge. Son absence des r\u00e9unions du NSC, alors que la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 int\u00e9rieure \u00e9tait l&rsquo;un des deux th\u00e8mes majeurs du gouvernement Bush avec les interventions ext\u00e9rieures, est une pr\u00e9cision absolument \u00e9tonnante. (Le secr\u00e9taire au tr\u00e9sor et le conseiller en communication du pr\u00e9sident participent, avec les piliers de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale  vice-pr\u00e9sident, secr\u00e9taires d&rsquo;Etat et \u00e0 la d\u00e9fense, directeurs du NSC et de la CIA, pr\u00e9sident du Joint Chiefs of Staff  aux r\u00e9unions r\u00e9guli\u00e8res du NSC.) Ces dispositions montrent combien les v\u00e9ritables structures de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale du syst\u00e8me n&rsquo;ont absolument pas chang\u00e9 depuis le 11 septembre 2001, avec l&rsquo;accent mis sur les grands postes militaires, diplomatiques et de renseignement tourn\u00e9s vers l&rsquo;ext\u00e9rieur selon les lignes de la Guerre froide, sans gu\u00e8re d&rsquo;adaptation au terrorisme. Quant \u00e0 l&rsquo;absence de coop\u00e9ration du FBI avec le HSD, elle ne fait que confirmer la fragmentation et la concurrence syst\u00e9matique des centres de pouvoir aux USA, face auxquelles, semble-t-il, aucun \u00e9v\u00e9nement n&rsquo;est assez mobilisateur pour les faire cesser.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tPour le reste, pour ce qui concerne la pol\u00e9mique, Ridge a int\u00e9r\u00eat \u00e0 avoir un dossier bien fourni s&rsquo;il veut \u00e9chapper \u00e0 une attaque en r\u00e8gle de ses anciens coll\u00e8gues et collaborateurs. C&rsquo;est le conseil d&rsquo;un autre ancien de l&rsquo;administration Bush, qui a lui aussi transgress\u00e9 la r\u00e8gle d&rsquo;<em>omerta<\/em> du syst\u00e8me.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00ab<em>Former White House press secretary Scott McClellan, whose own tell-all book was disputed by several top members of the Bush team, suggested in an e-mail to POLITICO that Ridge&rsquo;s claim may have some validity, though he predicted that if the former Cabinet secretary cannot completely back his claim, his former colleagues will push back hard. It is one thing if he is saying he simply felt it was politically motivated. It is quite another if he has specific information showing it was politically motivated, McClellan wrote.<\/em> <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb<em>There is no question exploiting the war on terror was viewed by the political strategists as integral to branding the president as a strong and decisive leader who will keep America safe, he continued. If Secretary Ridge is making the serious allegation that the terror alert was driven primarily by political concerns late in the campaign, he is going to be expected to back it up with specific information. If he can, it is a serious matter. If he cannot, then I suspect critics will pounce.<\/em>\u00bb<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><p>\tMis en ligne le 24 ao\u00fbt 2009 \u00e0 13H36<\/p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tom Ridge, le premier secr\u00e9taire du d\u00e9partement de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 int\u00e9rieure (HSD, ou Home Security Department) cr\u00e9\u00e9 dans le gouvernement des USA apr\u00e8s l&rsquo;attaque du 11 septembre 2001, publie un livre de m\u00e9moires pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 comme pol\u00e9mique, en vente \u00e0 partir du 1er septembre. Le titre en est: The Test of Our Times America Under Siege&#8230;and&hellip;&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[868,4970,3848,3510,4475,3511,6568,1267],"class_list":["post-71010","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bloc-notes","tag-bush","tag-department","tag-home","tag-hsd","tag-mcclellan","tag-ridge","tag-security","tag-terrorisme"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/71010","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=71010"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/71010\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=71010"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=71010"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=71010"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}