En offrant quelques commentaires sur le dernier grand sondage-enqu\u00eate du Marshall Fund sur la perception des USA \u00e0 travers le monde, nous commencerons par un rafra\u00eechissement des m\u00e9moires courtes de notre civilisation postmoderniste. Dans les ann\u00e9es 1987-1989, le leader<\/em> le plus populaire en Occident se nommait Mikha\u00efl Serge\u00efevitch Gorbatchev. Aux USA, il battait largement Reagan, en Europe, Thatcher, Mitterrand et Kohl dans leurs pays respectifs, avec des indices de popularit\u00e9 d\u00e9passant largement les 70%, parfois les 80%. Pour autant, l’Occident pl\u00e9biscitait-il le r\u00e9gime communiste, l’URSS moribonde? C’\u00e9tait exactement le contraire, comme le dirent les cris de joie accueillant la chute du Mur. Donc, voyons les choses avec un peu de mesure et selon une approche relative.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n \tCar l’analogie est frappante BHO-Gorbatchev, c’est une image qui marche, une hypoth\u00e8se qui s\u00e9duit, une possibilit\u00e9 bien r\u00e9elle qui a un formidable pouvoir hypoth\u00e9tique de redressement de la politique ossifi\u00e9e du syst\u00e8me par un traitement r\u00e9formiste de choc, aux marges de la dissidence exactement comme fit Gorbatchev, en ayant involontairement la peau du syst\u00e8me communiste mais c’est bien ce que nous attendrions d’un BHO-Gorbatchev, qu’il ait le peau du syst\u00e8me de l’am\u00e9ricanisme, d’une fa\u00e7on un peu plus rapide et spectaculaire que le syst\u00e8me n’est destin\u00e9 \u00e0 se faire \u00e0 lui-m\u00eame. Et puis, comme on ne manque pas de le remarquer ici et l\u00e0, y compris sur nos forums divers et accompagn\u00e9s d’autant de sarcasmes entendus d’un lecteur ou l’autre, le temps passe et BHO-Gorbatchev tarde de plus en plus \u00e0 pointer sous Obama 44\u00e8me POTUS (President Of The United States). Bient\u00f4t, la fen\u00eatre d’opportunit\u00e9 sera close (M\u00eame Brzezinski<\/a> le dit, involontairement n’en doutons pas, lui qui ne fut pas un fan<\/em> de Gorbatchev apr\u00e8s ne l’avoir pas vu venir; lorsqu’on lit ceci, n’est-ce pas signifier que Obama 44\u00e8me POTUS \u00e9touffe de plus en plus un \u00e9ventuel BHO-Gorbatchev pour la politique ext\u00e9rieure? \u00ab[Brzezinski] stressed that in Afghanistan, just as with Middle East peace-making and the Iran nuclear dossier, time was running out. Mr Obama’s agenda was crowded, he said. And he added there was a huge risk that this new president’s performance on the international stage might not match the scale of his global ambitions.<\/em>\u00bb)<\/p>\n<\/p>\n \tSi nous disons tout cela, c’est pour en venir au fait de notre contestation d\u00e9cid\u00e9e de l’interpr\u00e9tation \u00e0 premi\u00e8re lecture des r\u00e9sultats<\/a> de l’enqu\u00eate susnomm\u00e9e. Ronald Asmus, directeur du German Marshall Fund (titre complet de la fondation, relais reconnu en Allemagne du syst\u00e8me d’influence am\u00e9ricaniste) pr\u00e9sente et commente, dans le New York Times<\/em> du 10 septembre 2009<\/a>, les r\u00e9sultats de l’enqu\u00eate d’ailleurs d’une fa\u00e7on tr\u00e8s nuanc\u00e9e, elle-m\u00eame r\u00e9v\u00e9latrice.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n \t\u00abIf Mr. Bush experienced an unprecedented drop in public support, Mr. Obama has produced a bounce not seen in trans-Atlantic polling on U.S. presidents since the 1950s. President Obama’s popularity is almost stratospheric. He has essentially reversed the loss to America’s image that accrued during the Bush years.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n \t\u00bbMr. Obama made his greatest gains in precisely those countries where Mr. Bush had lost the most ground Germany, France, the Netherlands and Italy. The most Obama-crazed country was Germany, where his popularity is some 80 percentage points higher than the level of support Mr. Bush enjoyed in 2008. Indeed, President Obama is far more popular in Europe than he is at home. Europeans have more confidence than Americans do in his ability to deal with international issues ranging from terrorism to Russia to the Middle East. Europeans trust Mr. Obama to handle such issues more than they do their own leaders.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n \t\u00bbBut there are three important caveats. One is Central and Eastern Europe, where the Obama magic works less well.<\/em> [] The second caveat is Turkey. Mr. Obama made a point of going there on his first trip to Europe, and he has raised America’s image from an abysmal to a mediocre level<\/em> []<\/p>\n<\/p>\n \t\u00bbThe final caveat is that Mr. Obama’s popularity has not narrowed the gap on many of the tough issues that divide Americans and Europeans. While Europeans continue to see the same threats and priorities, our instincts are different over what we should do, especially when it comes to the use of force. That gap is especially visible in regard to Afghanistan and Iran’s nuclear program. Perhaps it is too much to expect that such differences could disappear in six months, but these numbers suggest the problems even a popular president will face.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n \t\u00bbFor the moment, Mr. Obama is the most popular American president in Europe since John F. Kennedy. Many European leaders were reticent to be associated with Mr. Bush, but they are lining up to be seen with Mr. Obama. The president enjoys that bonus even though he has yet to lay out in detail his thinking on the trans-Atlantic relationship. His popularity creates political capital. But it has not by itself changed stubborn differences on key issues. If President Obama can show statesmanship and diplomacy, his popularity will remain high. Otherwise his numbers will decline, just as they have already begun to fall in the United States.<\/em>\u00bb<\/p>\n<\/p>\n \tPour nous, les r\u00e9actions ouest-europ\u00e9ennes concernent \u00e9videmment l’image d’Obama qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 v\u00e9hicul\u00e9e durant la campagne pr\u00e9sidentielle et le personnage pr\u00e9sidentiel tel qu’il est apparu lors de son inauguration et de ses premiers mois. Cette image a \u00e9t\u00e9 incontestablement celle d’un r\u00e9formiste radical, d’autant plus radical qu’il succ\u00e9dait \u00e0 GW Bush. Les Ouest-Europ\u00e9ens ont \u00e9t\u00e9 les seuls \u00e0 consid\u00e9rer Obama par rapport au cadre de l’am\u00e9ricanisme, comme un pr\u00e9sident th\u00e9oriquement capable de proc\u00e9der \u00e0 une r\u00e9forme profonde du syst\u00e8me. Il y a d’ailleurs une certaine contradiction r\u00e9v\u00e9latrice dans ce sens des Ouest-Europ\u00e9ens entre BHO proclam\u00e9 comme le leader<\/em> capable de mener les affaires du monde, et le constat des d\u00e9saccords tr\u00e8s profonds qui subsistent entre les USA et l’Europe (\u00abThe final caveat is that Mr. Obama’s popularity has not narrowed the gap on many of the tough issues that divide Americans and Europeans<\/em>\u00bb). Autrement dit, l’extr\u00eame popularit\u00e9 d’Obama est \u00e0 la mesure de sa capacit\u00e9 suppos\u00e9e \u00e0 r\u00e9former ce syst\u00e8me qui produit une politique si compl\u00e8tement r\u00e9pudi\u00e9e. C’est ce que nous consid\u00e9rons comme \u00e9tant le pl\u00e9biscite de BHO-Gorbatchev. Paradoxalement, nous verrions la popularit\u00e9 d’Obama comme la mesure du sentiment antiam\u00e9ricaniste de fond du public ouest-europ\u00e9en, qui caract\u00e9rise son jugement g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de la politique US.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n \tLes autres r\u00e9sultats sont beaucoup moins \u00e9labor\u00e9s et ne s’inscrivent pas dans le cadre d’une perception de la question complexe du syst\u00e8me de l’am\u00e9ricanisme. Pour l’Europe de l’Est comme pour la Turquie, le personnage d’Obama s’efface derri\u00e8re la question plus classique d’un nouveau pr\u00e9sident, certes d’une personnalit\u00e9 et de choix diff\u00e9rents de ceux de GW Bush, mais toujours li\u00e9 \u00e0 la politique US.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \tMis en ligne le 14 septembre 2009 \u00e0 07H10<\/p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" En offrant quelques commentaires sur le dernier grand sondage-enqu\u00eate du Marshall Fund sur la perception des USA \u00e0 travers le monde, nous commencerons par un rafra\u00eechissement des m\u00e9moires courtes de notre civilisation postmoderniste. Dans les ann\u00e9es 1987-1989, le leader le plus populaire en Occident se nommait Mikha\u00efl Serge\u00efevitch Gorbatchev. Aux USA, il battait largement Reagan,… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[3120,8663,8002,4739,5348,8662,3483,3717,6208,5235,5190,1205],"class_list":["post-71069","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bloc-notes","tag-antiamericanisme","tag-asmus","tag-bho","tag-enquete","tag-fund","tag-german","tag-gorbatchev","tag-marshall","tag-obama","tag-popularite","tag-sondage","tag-transatlantique"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/71069","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=71069"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/71069\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=71069"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=71069"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=71069"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}