{"id":72811,"date":"2011-03-03T17:05:01","date_gmt":"2011-03-03T17:05:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/2011\/03\/03\/la-turquie-homme-fort-de-la-crise-libyenne-et-de-la-chaine-crisique\/"},"modified":"2011-03-03T17:05:01","modified_gmt":"2011-03-03T17:05:01","slug":"la-turquie-homme-fort-de-la-crise-libyenne-et-de-la-chaine-crisique","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/2011\/03\/03\/la-turquie-homme-fort-de-la-crise-libyenne-et-de-la-chaine-crisique\/","title":{"rendered":"La Turquie, \u201chomme fort\u201d de la crise libyenne (et de la cha\u00eene crisique)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><p>La Turquie tient une place exceptionnelle dans la crise libyenne, comme dans la crise g\u00e9n\u00e9rale qui secoue les pays arabo-musulmans. Ce pays profite de sa position \u00e9galement exceptionnelle, \u00e0 la fois en dehors et en dedans par rapport aux pays arabo-musulmans du Moyen-Orient, de son \u00e9volution r\u00e9cente qui en fait un porte drapeau et une r\u00e9f\u00e9rence d&rsquo;une \u00e9ventuelle \u00e9volution g\u00e9n\u00e9rale dans la r\u00e9gion, de la formule int\u00e9rieure de cette \u00e9volution qui passe par une int\u00e9gration politique du facteur islamiste, et ext\u00e9rieure qui implique une diversification majeure de ses relations et de ses alliances. Qui plues est est, la Turquie consid\u00e8re les \u00e9v\u00e9nements actuels (la cha\u00eene crisique) et l&rsquo;\u00e9volution politique qu&rsquo;ils impliquent comme une sorte de l\u00e9gitimation populaire de l&rsquo;\u00e9volution turque depuis l&rsquo;arriv\u00e9e au pouvoir de l&rsquo;\u00e9quipe Erdogan et le changement fondamental qui s&rsquo;en est suivi vers une position d&rsquo;autonomie.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tLa Turquie joue notamment un r\u00f4le majeur dans la crise libyenne, en soutenant <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dedefensa.org\/article-dogfight_pour_une_no_fly_zone_ii_ligue_arabe_03_03_2011.html\" class=\"gen\">les efforts<\/a> des pays arabes pour emp\u00eacher, ou dans tous les cas contenir une intervention \u00e9trang\u00e8re (non arabe, non musulmane) en Libye. Il y a eu la d\u00e9claration du Premier ministre Erdogan. Il y a aussi les explications de son ministre des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Ahmet Davutoglu. Le ministre a r\u00e9affirm\u00e9 avec force que la Turquie \u00e9tait hostile \u00e0 toute intervention ext\u00e9rieure en Libye, entendant par ext\u00e9rieure, essentiellement, une intervention non-arabe et non-musulmane.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tCette appr\u00e9ciation se fond dans l&rsquo;appr\u00e9ciation plus large des \u00e9v\u00e9nements en cours au Moyen-Orient, dont Ahmet Davutoglu juge qu&rsquo;elle ne correspond nullement au projet de d\u00e9mocratisation du Grand Moyen-Orient de l&rsquo;administration Bush (impliquant la d\u00e9mocratisation forc\u00e9e des pays du Moyen-Orient, sous contr\u00f4le US et isra\u00e9lien), mais au contraire s&rsquo;av\u00e8re \u00eatre un processus de lib\u00e9ration autonome, \u00e9ventuellement de d\u00e9mocratisation, compl\u00e8tement interne et suivant ses propres termes. On lit ces commentaires du ministre dans le <em>H\u00fcrriyet Daily News<\/em> du <a href=\"http:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/n.php?n=an-external-intervention-to-libya-would-make-the-situation-worse-turkish-fm-davutoglu-says-2011-03-02\" class=\"gen\">2 mars 2011<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00ab<em>Commenting on the ongoing turmoil in North Africa and the Middle East, Davuto&#287;lu said the region is in a process of transformation that Turkey supports happening in a peaceful way, without cutting up the public authority, without causing big casualties and with respect from everyone for the demands of the public.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb<em>Outside actors that stand against this natural process will lose one way or another, the foreign minister said, calling what the world is witnessing in the region a political earthquake. What we see in the Middle East today are not temporary incidents; these are events that trigger each other, and there will be aftershocks as well, Davuto&#287;lu said.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb<em>Asked about speculation that the regional turmoil is part of a Greater Middle East Project, the Turkish prime minister said that would not be a correct way to evaluate the situation. I believe this is a natural process. If we do not believe that this is not a natural process, then we would be disrespectful to the Arab nations, he said. The transformation in the Middle East is as natural and honorable as the transformation process in Eastern Europe in the 1990s.<\/em>\u00bb<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tLe m\u00eame texte rapporte les critiques du pr\u00e9sident turc G\u00fcl, qui s&rsquo;adresse implicitement aux pays du bloc am\u00e9ricaniste-occidentaliste et \u00e0 Isra\u00ebl, pour le soutien qu&rsquo;ils ont apport\u00e9 aux dictatures de la zone, en \u00e9change de ce qu&rsquo;ils jugeaient (faussement) \u00eatre une stabilit\u00e9 durable. (\u00ab<em>Turkey&rsquo;s president indirectly criticized countries that had supported authoritarian regimes in the region in the interest of protecting stability and said that Turkey was following its principles throughout the uprisings. You see how some countries made zigzags through this process. Before these processes started, you see how they sacrificed democracy and supported regimes that were standing against their people.<\/em>\u00bb) <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tLe m\u00eame pr\u00e9sident G\u00fcl est aujourd&rsquo;hui en visite en Egypte, o\u00f9 il doit rencontrer tous les dirigeants \u00e9gyptiens actuels, notamment les g\u00e9n\u00e9raux du Conseil Militaire Supr\u00eame et le pr\u00e9sident du Conseil, le ministre de la d\u00e9fense Hussein Tantawi. (Voir <em>H\u00fcrriyet Daily News<\/em>, du <a href=\"http:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/n.php?n=turkey-hopes-egypt-to-emerge-stronger-out-of-transition-process-2011-03-02\" class=\"gen\">2 mars 2011<\/a>.) Cette visite du pr\u00e9sident G\u00fcr est l&rsquo;une des premi\u00e8res rencontres importantes des dirigeants \u00e9gyptiens avec un chef d&rsquo;Etat \u00e9tranger, particuli\u00e8rement de la r\u00e9gion, et le fait qu&rsquo;il s&rsquo;agisse du pr\u00e9sident turc est d&rsquo;une particuli\u00e8re importance et d&rsquo;une signification consid\u00e9rable.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tIl semble qu&rsquo;on doive d\u00e9sormais attacher une attention tr\u00e8s particuli\u00e8re et sp\u00e9cifique aux liens entre la Turquie et l&rsquo;Egypte, comme constituant le nouvel axe strat\u00e9gique fondamental de la r\u00e9gion ; axe qui a g\u00e9ographiquement la particularit\u00e9 d&rsquo;encadrer Isra\u00ebl, qui a politiquement la particularit\u00e9 de repr\u00e9senter une \u00e9volution de deux puissants pays musulmans compl\u00e8tement soumis dans le pass\u00e9 aux USA et repr\u00e9sentant des ancrages strat\u00e9giques essentiels pour les USA, et ces deux pays passant, ou semblant passer (avec une forte certitude) pour l&rsquo;Egypte, vers une position d&rsquo;ind\u00e9pendance vis-\u00e0-vis des USA. Tout cela a, bien entendu un rapport puissant avec la situation g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de la r\u00e9gion, son \u00e9quilibre, son orientation, mais aussi avec les projets les plus fondamentaux de la fraction imp\u00e9rialiste d&rsquo;Isra\u00ebl. <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tL&rsquo;analyste Eric Walberg, qui collabore notamment \u00e0 <em>Al-Ahram Weekly<\/em>, publie le <a href=\"http:\/\/www.intrepidreport.com\/archives\/711\" class=\"gen\">25 f\u00e9vrier 2011<\/a>, dans <em>Intrepid Report<\/em>, une appr\u00e9ciation de l&rsquo;\u00e9volution conjointe de l&rsquo;Egypte et de la Turquie, jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 ce que ces deux pays forment effectivement une alliance (avec d&rsquo;autres pays moins importants s&rsquo;adjoignant \u00e0 eux, comme la Syrie et le Liban) qui aura pour principal effet (et pour principal objectif ?) de contrer radicalement les projets d&rsquo;h\u00e9g\u00e9monie isra\u00e9lien (ou likoudistes, plus pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment) sur la r\u00e9gion,  la doctrine Sharon et la strat\u00e9gie Yinon. Walberg d\u00e9taille les diverses dynamiques des conceptions isra\u00e9liennes, et la fa\u00e7on dont l&rsquo;actuel processus qui rapproche l&rsquo;Egypte et la Turquie met tout cela en \u00e9chec et retourne le plan isra\u00e9lien contre Isra\u00ebl. Le fait que Walberg publie dans <em>Al-Ahram Weekly<\/em>, et qu&rsquo;il d\u00e9veloppe cette th\u00e8se, semblerait montrer que les Egyptiens ne sont pas hostiles, pour le moins \u00e0 cette sorte d&rsquo;interpr\u00e9tation.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tCi-dessous, nous donnons de larges extraits du texte. <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00ab<em>While Egypt&rsquo;s revolution was very much about domestic mattersbread and butter, corruption, repressionits most immediate effects have been international. Not for a long time has Egypt loomed so large in the region, to both friend and foe. At least 13 of the 22 Arab League countries are now affected: Algeria, Bahrain, Djibouti, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia and Yemen.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb<em>But just as powerful has been the resonance in Israel. It has no precedent for an assertive, democratic neighbour. Except for Turkey.<\/em> []<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb<em>Current Israeli military strategy was honed in the early1980s, after the elimination of Egypt as a military threat. Two names are identified with it. Ariel Sharon announced publicly in 1981, shortly before invading Lebanon, that Israel no longer thought in terms of peace with its neighbours, but instead sought to widen its sphere of influence to the whole region to include countries like Turkey, Iran, Pakistan, and areas like the Persian Gulf and Africa, and in particular the countries of North and Central Africa. This view of Israel as a regional superpower\/ bully became known as the Sharon Doctrine.<\/em> []<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb<em>The more extreme version of the new Israeli game plan to make Israel the regional hegemon was Oded Yinon&rsquo;s A Strategy for Israel in the 1980s. Yinon was nicknamed sower of discord&rsquo; for his proposal to divide-and-conquer to create weak dependent statelets with some pretense of democracy, similar to the US strategy in Central America, which would fight among themselves and, if worse comes to worst and a populist leader emerges, be sabotaged easilythe Salvador Option. Hizbullah leader Hassan Nasrallah described the Israeli policy based on Yinon in 2007 as intended to create a region that has been partitioned into ethnic and confessional states that are in agreement with each other. This is the new Middle East.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb<em>Yinon was using as a model the Ottoman millet system where separate legal courts governed the various religious communities using Muslim Sharia, Christian Canon and Jewish Halakha laws. Lebanon would be divided into Sunni, Alawi, Christian and Druze states, Iraq divided into Sunni, Kurd and Shia states. The Saudi kingdom and Egypt would also be divided along sectarian lines, leaving Israel the undisputed master.<\/em> []<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb<em>Following on Yinon&rsquo;s strategy in 1982, Richard Perle&rsquo;s 1996 A Clean Break states: Israel can shape its strategic environment, in cooperation with Turkey and Jordan, by weakening, containing, and even rolling back Syria. This effort can focus on removing Saddam Hussein from power in Iraqan important Israeli strategic objective in its own right.<\/em> []<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb<em>Despite Turkish storm clouds on the horizon, until 25 January 2011, Israel&rsquo;s plan was still to replace the Ottoman Turks of yore as the local imperial power. The Arab nations (prepared by British imperial divide-and-conquer and local-strongman policies) would be kept divided, weak, dependent now on Israel to ensure safe access to oil. An Israeli-style peace would break out throughout the region.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb<em>But this tangled web has unravelled. Despite the $36 billion poured into Egypt&rsquo;s military and Americanisation of Egypt&rsquo;s armed forces since the peace treaty with Israel, according to wikileaks-egypt.blogspot.com US officials complained of the backward-looking nature of Egypt&rsquo;s military posture (read: Israel is still Egypt&rsquo;s main enemy), that the army generals remained resistant to change and economic reforms to further dismantle central government power.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb<em>Egyptian Minister of Defence Muhammad Tantawi has resisted any change to usage of FMF [foreign military financing] funding and has been the chief impediment to transforming the military&rsquo;s mission to meet emerging security threats. In plain language, Egypt&rsquo;s de facto head of state was criticised by the US because he refused to go along with the new US-Israeli strategy which would incorporate Egypt&rsquo;s defence into a broader NATO war against asymmetric threats (read: the war on terror) and to acquiesce to Israel as the regional hegemon.<\/em> []<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb<em>There has indeed been a clean break with the past, but not the one foreseen by Perle. His scheme can be rephrased as: Egypt and Turkey can shape their strategic environment, in cooperation with Syria and Lebanon, by weakening, containing, and even rolling back Israel. As for Dichter&rsquo;s hubris, it is impossible at this point to see what the future holds for Iraq, but it will not be what he had in mind. And Iran can now breathe a sigh of relief.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb<em>A year and a half ago, an Israel Navy submarine crossed the Suez Canal to the Red Sea, where it conducted an exercise, reflecting the strategic cooperation between Israel and Egypt, aimed at sending a message of deterrence to Iran. Just one week after the fall of Mubarak, the canal is being used to deliver a message of deterrencebut this time the message is for Israel, as Iranian warships cross the canal on their way to Syrian ports.<\/em> []<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb<em>What really hurts for the Likudniks is the new Egypt in cooperation with the new Turkey will put paid to the Sharon\/Yinon strategy for establishing Israel as the regional empire. It will have to join the comity of nations not as a ruthless bully, but as a responsible partner.<\/em>\u00bb<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><p>\tMis en ligne le 3 mars 2011 \u00e0 17H05<\/p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La Turquie tient une place exceptionnelle dans la crise libyenne, comme dans la crise g\u00e9n\u00e9rale qui secoue les pays arabo-musulmans. Ce pays profite de sa position \u00e9galement exceptionnelle, \u00e0 la fois en dehors et en dedans par rapport aux pays arabo-musulmans du Moyen-Orient, de son \u00e9volution r\u00e9cente qui en fait un porte drapeau et une&hellip;&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[9591,5787,3067,9550,3737,10892,2774,3197,9418],"class_list":["post-72811","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bloc-notes","tag-davutoglu","tag-democratisation","tag-doctrine","tag-egypte","tag-erdogan","tag-gurt","tag-israel","tag-sharon","tag-walberg"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/72811","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=72811"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/72811\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=72811"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=72811"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=72811"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}