{"id":72971,"date":"2011-05-03T05:22:56","date_gmt":"2011-05-03T05:22:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/2011\/05\/03\/marche-en-avant-de-la-revolution-egyptienne\/"},"modified":"2011-05-03T05:22:56","modified_gmt":"2011-05-03T05:22:56","slug":"marche-en-avant-de-la-revolution-egyptienne","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/2011\/05\/03\/marche-en-avant-de-la-revolution-egyptienne\/","title":{"rendered":"Marche en avant de la \u201cr\u00e9volution\u201c \u00e9gyptienne"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><p>L&rsquo;accord entre le Fatah et le Hamas est de plus en plus largement consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un \u00e9v\u00e9nement consid\u00e9rable, pas tant (m\u00eame s&rsquo;il l&rsquo;est) pour la situation palestinienne que pour <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dedefensa.org\/article-l_accord_fatah-hamas_et_la_nouvelle_egypte_29_04_2011.html\" class=\"gen\">la situation \u00e9gyptienne<\/a>,  dans ce cas, la tr\u00e8s rapide \u00e9volution \u00e9gyptienne. L&rsquo;excellent commentateur M K Bhadrakumar, ancien ambassadeur indien et chroniqueur r\u00e9gulier de <em>Atimes.com<\/em> d\u00e9crit, ce <a href=\"http:\/\/www.atimes.com\/atimes\/Middle_East\/ME03Ak01.html\" class=\"gen\">3 mai 2011<\/a>, l&rsquo;\u00e9v\u00e9nement comme majeur et fondamental, tant dans sa signification g\u00e9n\u00e9rale que dans les d\u00e9tails m\u00eame de sa r\u00e9alisation<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00ab<em>The stunning geopolitical reality of the &lsquo;new Middle East is that the Egyptian intelligence brokered the Palestinian r\u00e9conciliation without consulting the US and Israel  or Saudi Arabia<\/em>\u00bb, observe M K Bhadrakumar. Il r\u00e9sume ainsi son analyse en montrant que la d\u00e9marche \u00e9gyptienne est une puissante attaque, non seulement contre l&rsquo;axe Isra\u00ebl-USA, mais \u00e9galement contre la riposte de d\u00e9sespoir, men\u00e9e par les USA et surtout l&rsquo;Arabie Saoudite, qui tenterait de transformer l&rsquo;actuelle r\u00e9volution arabe dont la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 objective est d&rsquo;attaquer l&rsquo;ordre ancien (le Moyen-Orient selon l&rsquo;entente entre les USA, Isra\u00ebl et l&rsquo;Arabie Saoudite) en un affrontement renouvel\u00e9 entre sunnites (men\u00e9s par l&rsquo;Arabie) et chiites (men\u00e9s par l&rsquo;Iran).<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00ab<em>The Saudis resurrected the specter of a Shi&rsquo;ite crescent under Iran&rsquo;s leadership. But it takes two to tango. Iran prefers to set its eyes on far higher goals than the leadership of a Shi&rsquo;ite world. Damascus, Cairo and Baghdad  the heart, brain and soul of Arab politics &#8211; aren&rsquo;t falling for the Saudi clarion call, either, that Salafism is in mortal danger from militant Shi&rsquo;ism.<\/em>\u00bb<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tL&rsquo;engagement \u00e9gyptien est, selon M K Bhadrakumar, impressionnant de puissance. Il s&rsquo;appuie notamment sur une volont\u00e9 fondamentale de regagner une position qui est largement au del\u00e0 de la politique normale, qui est une position de r\u00e9affirmation de souverainet\u00e9 et d&rsquo;identit\u00e9 nationales. Il n&rsquo;est plus question d&rsquo;\u00eatre un caniche, \u00e9crit-il, faisant allusion \u00e0 la soumission \u00e0 l&rsquo;axe Washington-Tel Aviv-Ryad de la politique \u00e9gyptienne jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 Moubarak : \u00ab<em>What is becoming apparent is that Egypt is reclaiming the regional influence it abjectly surrendered when it became a poodle of the US and a collaborator of Israel following the 1979 peace treaty. The spokesperson of the Egyptian foreign ministry told the New York Times, We are opening a new page. Egypt is resuming its role that was once abdicated.<\/em>\u00bb<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tConcernant l&rsquo;accord Fatah-Hamas, M K Bhadrakumar d\u00e9taille les diverses conditions qui ont accompagn\u00e9 les interventions des Egyptiens. Il les juge sans aucun doute r\u00e9v\u00e9latrices de l&rsquo;\u00e9tat d&rsquo;esprit et de la politique \u00e9gyptienne, aussi bien que du refus \u00e9gyptien de la <em>narrative<\/em> saoudienne (sunnites <em>versus<\/em> chiites) qui a surtout pour but de sauver le r\u00e9gime saoudien<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00ab<em>In a gesture that was much more than symbolic, the Hamas leaders were received in the Egyptian foreign ministry rather than in the safe houses of the intelligence  as used to be the case during the Hosni Mubarak regime. The Egyptian interim head of state Field Marshal Mohamed Tantawi (who is also the leader of the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces) received the Hamas leaders. The Hamas leader Taher Nounou was quoted as saying, When I was invited to the meeting in the Foreign Ministry, that was something different, and this is what the agreement grew out of.<\/em> <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb<em>Egyptian Foreign Minister Nabil el-Araby told the visiting Palestinian leaders that he didn&rsquo;t want to talk about the peace proc\u00e8s but wanted instead to talk about the peace. Quite obviously, the revisionist thesis about the ultimate legacy  or the new great game  of the Arab spring being a Sunni-Shi&rsquo;ite war doesn&rsquo;t apply to Egypt. Egypt&rsquo;s warming at the same time to (Shi&rsquo;ite) Iran and (Sunni) Hamas represents a tectonic shift that is undeniably secular; it traverses the great sectarian schism in the world of Islam; and it is leagues away from the archaic geopolitics built around isolating Iran in the region that Saudi Arabia and the US were hoping to perpetuate.<\/em>\u00bb<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tCette marche \u00e9gyptienne vers la r\u00e9affirmation de l&rsquo;Egypte justifie les pires craintes d&rsquo;Isra\u00ebl, du point de vue de ce pays et de sa politique. Elle n&rsquo;a rien \u00e0 voir avec l&rsquo;affrontement sunnite-chiite, largement favoris\u00e9 et aliment\u00e9 pour maintenir vivace une division arabe qui permet de perp\u00e9tuer l&rsquo;ordre ancien, pro-am\u00e9ricaniste. Cela justifie les pires craintes de l&rsquo;Arabie. Quant aux dirigeants am\u00e9ricanistes, s&rsquo;ils y pensaient, s&rsquo;ils prenaient le temps de penser, ils verraient effectivement confirm\u00e9es et justifi\u00e9es leurs propres pires craintes. Peut-\u00eatre y penseront-ils le jour o\u00f9 le ministre \u00e9gyptien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res arrivera \u00e0 T\u00e9h\u00e9ran, en visite amicale.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00ab<em>Israel&rsquo;s worst fears about the meaning of the Egyptian revolution seem to be coming true.<\/em> <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb<em>The latest Egyptian announcement in the wake of the Fatah-Hamas accord, that it will reopen the Rafah crossing with Gaza permanently, has set alarm bells ringing in Israel. (An Egyptian security team is preparing to visit Gaza). An unnamed senior Israeli official told Wall Street Journal on Friday that recent developments in Egypt could affect Israel&rsquo;s security at a strategic level. The chief of staff of the Egyptian armed forces General Sami Anan promptly warned Israel against interfering with Cairo&rsquo;s plan to open the Rafah border crossing with Gaza, saying it was not a matter of concern for Israel.<\/em> <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb<em>Again, the Egyptian military leadership&rsquo;s decision on Rafah reflects a collective wish of the domestic public opinion which empathizes with the sufferings and hardships of the people of Gaza. (A recent poll by US-based Pew Research Center found that 54% of Egyptians want Egypt&rsquo;s peace treaty with Israel to be annulled.) In the circumstances, what will worry Israel (and the US) most is whether the surprise Fatah-Hamas agreement brokered by Egypt is linked in some way to the Palestinian plan to push at the General Assembly session in New York in September for UN recognition for a Palestinian state in the West Bank and Gaza. <\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb<em>Such an apprehension is not unwarranted. The Wall Street Journal commented last week, In the more than two months since  Mubarak abdicated  Egypt has reached out to Iran, questioned the price on a contract to export natural gas that is crucial to Israel&rsquo;s energy needs, and won major diplomatic victories with Hamas.<\/em> [] <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb<em>However, Obama is keeping his thoughts to himself. It is apparent that while the Arab spring shows no traces of \u00a0\u00bbanti-Americanism\u00a0\u00bb as such, the new successor regimes are almost certain to be responsive to popular wishes and aspirations and that is going to debilitate the US regional strategies.<\/em> <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb<em>At the very least, as Helena Cobban, a long-time expert on the region and author, blogged, What is true as a general rule in the region is that the kind of sordid backroom deals that regimes like Mubarak&rsquo;s, that of successive Jordanian monarchs, or others have struck with Israel in the past  that is, arrangements to quash Palestinian movements that go far beyond the formal requirements of the peace treaties &#8211; have become considerably harder for these Arab parties to uphold, given the long overdue and very welcome emergence of strong movements calling for transparency and accountability from Arab governments.<\/em> <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb<em>That is to say, any digressions in the nature of stoking the fires of Sunni-Shi&rsquo;ite sectarian passions may work only momentarily in the developing regional milieu. This became amply clear when Egyptian Prime Minister Essam Abdulaziz Sharaf chose the occasion of a meeting last week with the Kuwaiti Amir Sheikh Sabah al-Ahmad al-Jabir al-Sabah to shrug off the paranoia about Iran whipped up by Saudi Arabia and firmly asserted Cairo&rsquo;s resolve to expand ties with Iran. He said, Egypt is trying to begin a new chapter in ties with Iran, which is one of the world&rsquo;s important countries.<\/em> <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb<em>Simultaneously, Egyptian government spokesman Ahmed al-Saman said Cairo is determined to resume relations with Iran and no third party can pressure Cairo into changing the decision. A visit by the Egyptian foreign minister to Tehran could be on cards<\/em>\u00bb <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tD\u00e8s l&rsquo;origine de l&rsquo;Egypte post-Moubarak, d\u00e8s les premiers signes politiques, nous avons tenu pour essentielle cette possible \u00e9volution de l&rsquo;Egypte, qui se mesure notamment dans l&rsquo;\u00e9volution des relations de ce pays <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dedefensa.org\/article-le_canal_de_suez_parle__21_02_2011.html\" class=\"gen\">avec l&rsquo;Iran<\/a>. Mais, d&rsquo;une fa\u00e7on \u00e0 la fois bien plus pr\u00e9cise, bien plus sp\u00e9cifique mais aussi bien plus haute, nous avons \u00e9t\u00e9 conduits \u00e0 identifier cette \u00e9volution avec <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dedefensa.org\/article-l_enigme_nucleaire_du_sphinx_15_02_2011.html\" class=\"gen\">la qu\u00eate<\/a> d&rsquo;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.dedefensa.org\/article-la_nouvelle_egypte_et_sa_logique_anti-americaniste_17_02_2011.html\" class=\"gen\">une restauration<\/a> de la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 nationale, voire de l&rsquo;identit\u00e9 nationale : l&rsquo;\u00e9volution concerne aussi bien les fondements de la politique que l&rsquo;expression de la politique (avec l&rsquo;Iran). Naturellement, l&rsquo;essentiel est le fondement, qui permet d&rsquo;avancer qu&rsquo;on peut consid\u00e9rer que l&rsquo;\u00e9volution de la politique, effectivement expression de ce fondement, est extr\u00eamement s\u00e9rieuse, et se fait \u00e0 la fois tr\u00e8s rapidement et tr\u00e8s naturellement.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tTout cela est d&rsquo;un rapport puissant et intime avec le printemps arabe, la cha\u00eene crisique en cours depuis d\u00e9cembre 2010 dans divers pays arabes. L&rsquo;Egypte en est \u00e0 la fois l&rsquo;arch\u00e9type et le r\u00e9v\u00e9lateur. C&rsquo;est dans ce pays que le mouvement a \u00e9t\u00e9 le plus spectaculaire et le plus efficace, c&rsquo;est dans ce pays o\u00f9 l&rsquo;on peut en appr\u00e9cier les caract\u00e8res exacts. L&rsquo;\u00e9volution \u00e9gyptienne est faussement interpr\u00e9t\u00e9e, \u00e0 notre sens, comme d\u00e9pendante de l&rsquo;enjeu de la d\u00e9mocratisation, notamment avec diverses inqui\u00e9tudes qui se sont largement exprim\u00e9es ces derni\u00e8res semaines, concernant la r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration de ce mouvement par les militaires, ou par les restes \u00e0 peine raval\u00e9s du r\u00e9gime Moubarak. L&rsquo;id\u00e9e de la d\u00e9mocratisation est une <em>narrative<\/em> am\u00e9ricaniste-occidentaliste, montrant \u00e0 la fois le d\u00e9sarroi du bloc BAO devant ce mouvement, et son espoir que ce mouvement aboutisse \u00e0 une situation confortant son id\u00e9ologie en m\u00eame temps qu&rsquo;il renouvellerait, avec le maquillage id\u00e9ologique qui convient, sa rente d&rsquo;influence sur ce pays et sur le monde arabo-musulman. (Il y a donc <strong>\u00e0 la fois<\/strong> une pr\u00e9occupation fondamentale,  conforter l&rsquo;id\u00e9ologie am\u00e9ricaniste-occidentaliste, si compl\u00e8tement en d\u00e9route partout, y compris dans nos propres psychologies,  et une pr\u00e9occupation politique tactique,  le renouvellement de la rente d&rsquo;influence.)<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tAvec le cas \u00e9gyptien, au contraire de nos esp\u00e9rances n\u00e9o-d\u00e9structurantes,  caract\u00e9ristique de la d\u00e9mocratisation et du renouvellement de la rente d&rsquo;influence,  il s&rsquo;av\u00e8re que l&rsquo;\u00e9volution se fait dans la recherche fondamentale, et fondamentalement structurante elle, d&rsquo;une restauration de l&rsquo;identit\u00e9, de la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 et de la souverainet\u00e9 nationales. Que cela soit fait, en Egypte, dans une situation incertaine, avec un r\u00e9gime et des militaires dont on ne sait que penser pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment, conduit \u00e0 juger que la d\u00e9marche structurante est encore bien plus forte qu&rsquo;elle ne para\u00eet, et ne cesse de se renforcer comme r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 l&rsquo;incertitude et au d\u00e9sarroi. Dans ce contexte, les fariboles sur la d\u00e9mocratisation et les interrogations sur la puret\u00e9 politique des militaires \u00e9gyptiens ont une importance absolument mineures, sinon marginales et surtout faussaires. L&rsquo;amplification de la pouss\u00e9e politique, que d\u00e9crit bien M K Bhadrakumar, est par ailleurs et dans le m\u00eame sens la cons\u00e9quence tactique de l&rsquo;incertitude et du d\u00e9sarroi, les militaires cherchant \u00e0 tout prix \u00e0 consolider leur assise populaire avec une politique ext\u00e9rieure g\u00e9n\u00e9rale qui rencontre les pr\u00e9occupations populaires Peut-\u00eatre est-ce l\u00e0 qu&rsquo;on pourrait parler de d\u00e9mocratisation,  mais alors, il s&rsquo;agirait de s&rsquo;entendre sur les mots. Nous pr\u00e9f\u00e9rons parler de structuration et de d\u00e9structuration. Comme toujours, les r\u00e9actions de communication du bloc BAO sont absolument d\u00e9structurantes, parce que totalement inspir\u00e9es par le Syst\u00e8me ; par simple antinomie, la politique \u00e9gyptienne est structurante, ce qui affole litt\u00e9ralement Tel Aviv et Ryad, et \u00e9ventuellement Washington, lorsqu&rsquo;on y a le temps de penser \u00e0 autre chose qu&rsquo;\u00e0 soi-m\u00eame, \u00e0 ses propres vertus et \u00e0 sa propre puissance.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><p>\tMis en ligne le 3 mai 2011 \u00e0 05H22<\/p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L&rsquo;accord entre le Fatah et le Hamas est de plus en plus largement consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un \u00e9v\u00e9nement consid\u00e9rable, pas tant (m\u00eame s&rsquo;il l&rsquo;est) pour la situation palestinienne que pour la situation \u00e9gyptienne, dans ce cas, la tr\u00e8s rapide \u00e9volution \u00e9gyptienne. L&rsquo;excellent commentateur M K Bhadrakumar, ancien ambassadeur indien et chroniqueur r\u00e9gulier de Atimes.com d\u00e9crit, ce&hellip;&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[3259,5474,4256,5787,9550,8059,5111,4169,2773,2774,3555,8031,2746,4257],"class_list":["post-72971","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bloc-notes","tag-arabie","tag-bhadrakumar","tag-chiite","tag-democratisation","tag-egypte","tag-fatah","tag-hamas","tag-identite","tag-iran","tag-israel","tag-legitimite","tag-moubarak","tag-souverainete","tag-sunnite"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/72971","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=72971"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/72971\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=72971"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=72971"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=72971"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}