{"id":74450,"date":"2012-01-26T06:02:43","date_gmt":"2012-01-26T06:02:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/2012\/01\/26\/les-prisons-us-en-2012-pire-que-le-goulag-et-lesclavage\/"},"modified":"2012-01-26T06:02:43","modified_gmt":"2012-01-26T06:02:43","slug":"les-prisons-us-en-2012-pire-que-le-goulag-et-lesclavage","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/2012\/01\/26\/les-prisons-us-en-2012-pire-que-le-goulag-et-lesclavage\/","title":{"rendered":"Les prisons US en 2012 : pire que le goulag<\/em> et l’esclavage"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dans un long article pour le New Yorker<\/em>, Adam Gopnik analyse l’\u00e9tat du syst\u00e8me p\u00e9nitentiaire US (l’article est dat\u00e9 du 30 janvier 2012<\/a>). La lecture de ce texte montre qu’on est bien en pr\u00e9sence d’un syst\u00e8me de r\u00e9pression et d’annihilation massif, destin\u00e9 \u00e0 une pression majeure constante sur la population, particuli\u00e8rement celle des minorit\u00e9s, les noirs (Africains-Am\u00e9ricains) principalement et les chicanos<\/em> essentiellement d’origine mexicaine. Ce syst\u00e8me constitue sans aucun doute un des facteurs fondamentaux du maintien du r\u00e9gime, par sa mainmise sur la population dans sa tentative de pr\u00e9server l’ordre du Syst\u00e8me par la force et la coercition. Cette pression est aujourd’hui plus forte qu’elle n’a jamais \u00e9t\u00e9, refl\u00e9tant les conditions de la crise de l’am\u00e9ricanisme et les craintes des directions politiques.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\tDans le passage ci-dessous, les d\u00e9tails et les comparaisons de Gopnik sont impressionnants, voire extraordinaires. Il y a plus de personnes en prison ou d’une fa\u00e7on ou l’autre touch\u00e9es par la surveillance et la pression p\u00e9nitentiaires que dans le Goulag<\/em> stalinien. D’autre part, et la comparaison statistique prend une dimension symbolique formidable, il y a plus<\/strong> de citoyens africains-am\u00e9ricains contr\u00f4l\u00e9s et priv\u00e9s de leur libert\u00e9 par l’effet de ce syst\u00e8me p\u00e9nitentiaire qu’il n’y avait d’esclaves noirs en 1850. Enfin, le passage cit\u00e9 donne des pr\u00e9cisions sur les conditions \u00e9pouvantables r\u00e9gnant dans les prisons US, allant des conditions d’isolement confinant \u00e0 la torture permanente, \u00e0 la pratique syst\u00e9matique du viol des d\u00e9tenus. Ces observations font comprendre qu’outre d’\u00eatre un syst\u00e8me de surveillance et de contr\u00f4le de millions de personnes, le syst\u00e8me p\u00e9nitentiaire est un syst\u00e8me de destruction physique et psychologique d’une partie importante de la population.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00abFor most privileged, professional people, the experience of confinement is a mere brush, encountered after a kid’s arrest, say. For a great many poor people in America, particularly poor black men, prison is a destination that braids through an ordinary life, much as high school and college do for rich white ones. More than half of all black men without a high-school diploma go to prison at some time in their lives. Mass incarceration on a scale almost unexampled in human history is a fundamental fact of our country todayperhaps<\/em> the<\/em><\/strong> fundamental fact, as slavery was the fundamental fact of 1850. In truth, there are more black men in the grip of the criminal-justice systemin prison, on probation, or on parolethan were in slavery then. Over all, there are now more people under correctional supervision in Americamore than six millionthan were in the Gulag Archipelago under Stalin at its height. That city of the confined and the controlled, Lockuptown, is now the second largest in the United States.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00bbThe accelerating rate of incarceration over the past few decades is just as startling as the number of people jailed: in 1980, there were about two hundred and twenty people incarcerated for every hundred thousand Americans; by 2010, the number had more than tripled, to seven hundred and thirty-one. No other country even approaches that. In the past two decades, the money that states spend on prisons has risen at six times the rate of spending on higher education. Ours is, bottom to top, a carceral state, in the flat verdict of Conrad Black, the former conservative press lord and newly minted reformer, who right now finds himself imprisoned in Florida, thereby adding a new twist to an old joke: A conservative is a liberal who’s been mugged; a liberal is a conservative who’s been indicted; and a passionate prison reformer is a conservative who’s in one.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00bbThe scale and the brutality of our prisons are the moral scandal of American life. Every day, at least fifty thousand mena full house at Yankee Stadiumwake in solitary confinement, often in supermax prisons or prison wings, in which men are locked in small cells, where they see no one, cannot freely read and write, and are allowed out just once a day for an hour’s solo exercise. (Lock yourself in your bathroom and then imagine you have to stay there for the next ten years, and you will have some sense of the experience.) Prison rape is so endemicmore than seventy thousand prisoners are raped each yearthat it is routinely held out as a threat, part of the punishment to be expected. The subject is standard fodder for comedy, and an unco\u00f6perative suspect being threatened with rape in prison is now represented, every night on television, as an ordinary and rather lovable bit of policing. The normalization of prison rapelike eighteenth-century japery about watching men struggle as they die on the gallowswill surely strike our descendants as chillingly sadistic, incomprehensible on the part of people who thought themselves civilized. Though we avoid looking directly at prisons, they seep obliquely into our fashions and manners. Wealthy white teen-agers in baggy jeans and laceless shoes and multiple tattoos show, unconsciously, the reality of incarceration that acts as a hidden foundation for the country.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\t\u00bbHow did we get here? How is it that our civilization, which rejects hanging and flogging and disembowelling, came to believe that caging vast numbers of people for decades is an acceptably humane sanction?…<\/em>\u00bb<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\tInt\u00e9ressantes questions, notamment \u00e0 la lumi\u00e8re de cette croisade pour la libert\u00e9 que fut la Guerre de S\u00e9cession.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\n

dedefensa.org<\/em><\/p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dans un long article pour le New Yorker, Adam Gopnik analyse l’\u00e9tat du syst\u00e8me p\u00e9nitentiaire US (l’article est dat\u00e9 du 30 janvier 2012). La lecture de ce texte montre qu’on est bien en pr\u00e9sence d’un syst\u00e8me de r\u00e9pression et d’annihilation massif, destin\u00e9 \u00e0 une pression majeure constante sur la population, particuli\u00e8rement celle des minorit\u00e9s, les… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[14587,14589,4852,14588,3014,4281,2671,9953],"class_list":["post-74450","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ouverture-libre","tag-escavage","tag-gopnnik","tag-goulag","tag-penitentiaire","tag-systeme","tag-torture","tag-us","tag-viol"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74450","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=74450"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74450\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=74450"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=74450"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=74450"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}