{"id":74475,"date":"2012-02-04T11:21:13","date_gmt":"2012-02-04T11:21:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/2012\/02\/04\/letrange-histoire-de-lexercice-austere-challenge-12\/"},"modified":"2012-02-04T11:21:13","modified_gmt":"2012-02-04T11:21:13","slug":"letrange-histoire-de-lexercice-austere-challenge-12","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/2012\/02\/04\/letrange-histoire-de-lexercice-austere-challenge-12\/","title":{"rendered":"L&rsquo;\u00e9trange histoire de l&rsquo;exercice <em>Austere Challenge &rsquo;12<\/em>"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><p>Une des grandes controverses de janvier 2012, dans le cadre de la crise iranienne, fut celle de l&rsquo;exercice isra\u00e9lo-am\u00e9ricaniste <em>Austere Challenge &rsquo;12<\/em>, figurant l organisation d&rsquo;une riposte isra\u00e9lienne (avec aide US) \u00e0 une attaque de missiles iraniens. Cet exercice, pr\u00e9vu pour le 15 janvier 2012, fut annul\u00e9 deux jours avant ses d\u00e9buts. La <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dedefensa.org\/article-a_qui_les_usa_font-ils_le_plus_confiance_a_israel_ou_a_l_iran_16_01_2012.html<D\" class=\"gen\">premi\u00e8re version<\/a> explicative fut qu&rsquo;il s&rsquo;agissait d&rsquo;une d\u00e9cision US, de crainte de para\u00eetre trop provocateur pour les Iraniens ; la <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dedefensa.org\/article-notes_sur_la_tension_figee_dans_le_golfe_20_01_2012.html\" class=\"gen\">deuxi\u00e8me version<\/a> fut qu&rsquo;il s&rsquo;agissait d&rsquo;une d\u00e9cision isra\u00e9lienne, pour montrer le m\u00e9contentement de Netanyahou devant ce qu&rsquo;il consid\u00e9rait comme la mollesse des USA face \u00e0 l&rsquo;Iran, ; un troisi\u00e8me prolongement est que l&rsquo;exercice aurait lieu en octobre 2012, et qu&rsquo;il pourrait \u00eatre l&rsquo;occasion du d\u00e9clenchement d&rsquo;une attaque (voir le <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dedefensa.org\/article-l_agenda_de_la_guerre_31_01_2012.html\" class=\"gen\">31 janvier 2012<\/a>).<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tDans son article du <a href=\"http:\/\/consortiumnews.com\/2012\/02\/02\/obama-to-israel-us-wont-join-war-on-iran\/\" class=\"gen\">2 f\u00e9vrier 2012<\/a>, que nous citons d\u00e9j\u00e0 dans notre texte de ce <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dedefensa.org\/article-israel_tout_seul_a_l_attaque__03_02_2012.html\" class=\"gen\">3 f\u00e9vrier 2012<\/a>, Gareth Porter inclus un long d\u00e9veloppement sur cette affaire de l&rsquo;exercice <em>Austere Challenge &rsquo;12<\/em>. Le sujet vaut la citation.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00ab<em>Dempsey&rsquo;s meetings with Netanyahu and Barak also failed to resolve the issue of the joint U.S.-Israeli military exercise geared to a missile attack, Austere Challenge &rsquo;12, which had been scheduled for April 2012 but had been postponed abruptly a few days before Dempsey&rsquo;s arrival in Israel.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb<em>The postponement has been the subject of conflicting and unconvincing explanations from the Israeli side, suggesting disarray in the Netanyahu government over how to handle the issue. To add to the confusion, Israeli and U.S. statements left it unclear whether the decision had been unilateral or joint as well as the reasons for the decision.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb<em>Panetta asserted in a news conference on Jan. 18 that Barak himself had asked him to postpone the exercise. It now clear that both sides had an interest in postponing the exercise and very possibly letting it expire by failing to reach a decision on it.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb<em>The Israelis appear to have two distinct reasons for putting the exercise off, which reflect differences between the interests of Netanyahu and his defense minister. Netanyahu&rsquo;s primary interest in relation to the exercise was evidently to give the Republican candidate ammunition to fire at Obama during the fall campaign by insinuating that the postponement was decided at the behest of Obama to reduce tensions with Iran.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb<em>Thus Mark Regev, Netanyahu&rsquo;s spokesman, explained it as a joint decision with the United States, adding, The thinking was it was not the right timing now to conduct such an exercise. Barak, however, had an entirely different concern, which was related to the Israeli Defence Forces&rsquo; readiness to carry out an operation that would involve both attacking Iran&rsquo;s nuclear facilities and minimizing the Iranian retaliatory response.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb<em>A former U.S. intelligence analyst who followed the Israeli military closely told IPS he strongly suspects that the IDF has pressed Barak to insist that the Israeli force be at the peak of readiness if and when they are asked to attack Iran. The analyst, who insisted on anonymity because of his continuing contacts with U.S. military and intelligence personnel, said the 2006 Lebanon War debacle continues to haunt the thinking of IDF leaders. In that war, it became clear that the IDF had not been ready to handle Hezbollah rocket attacks adequately, and the prestige of the Israeli military suffered a serious blow.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb<em>The insistence of IDF leaders that they never go to war before being fully prepared is a primary consideration for Barak, according to the analyst. Austere Challenge &rsquo;12 would inevitably involve a major consumption of military resources, he observes, which would reduce Israeli readiness for war in the short run. The concern about a major military exercise actually reducing the IDF&rsquo;s readiness for war against Iran would explain why senior Israeli military officials were reported to have suggested that the reasons for the postponement were mostly technical and logistical.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb<em>The Israeli military concern about expending scarce resources on the exercise would apply, of course, regardless of whether the exercise was planned for April or late 2012. That fact would help explain why the exercise has not been rescheduled, despite statements from the U.S. side that it will be.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb<em>The U.S. military, however, has its own reasons for being unenthusiastic about the exercise. IPS has learned from a knowledgeable source that, well before the Obama administration began distancing itself from Israel&rsquo;s Iran policy, U.S. Central Command chief James N. Mattis had expressed concern about the implications of an exercise so obviously based on a scenario involving Iranian retaliation for an Israeli attack.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb<em>U.S. officials have been quoted as suspecting that the Israeli request for a postponement of the exercise indicated that Israel wanted to leave its options open for conducting a strike on Iran&rsquo;s nuclear facilities in the spring. But a postponement to the fall would not change that problem. For that reason, the former U.S. intelligence analyst told IPS he doubts that Austere Challenge &rsquo;12will ever be carried out.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb<em>But the White House has an obvious political interest in using the military exercise to demonstrate that the Obama administration has increased military cooperation with Israel to an unprecedented level. The Defense Department wants the exercise to be held in October, according to the military source in touch with senior flag officers connected to the Joint Chiefs.<\/em>\u00bb<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tOn pr\u00e9cisera que le m\u00eame texte de Gareth Porter se trouve sur <em>Antiwar.com<\/em> le <a href=\"http:\/\/original.antiwar.com\/porter\/2012\/02\/01\/dempsey-told-israelis-us-wont-join-their-war-on-iran\/\" class=\"gen\">2 f\u00e9vrier 2012<\/a>, et que Porter est interview\u00e9 le <a href=\"http:\/\/antiwar.com\/radio\/2012\/02\/02\/gareth-porter-142\/\" class=\"gen\">3 f\u00e9vrier 2012<\/a> sur <em>Antiwar.Radio<\/em>, o\u00f9 il confirme bien entendu ses \u00e9crits, et o\u00f9 il insiste sur le fait qu&rsquo;il tient ses sources du plus haut niveau, du comit\u00e9 des chefs d&rsquo;\u00e9tat-major (\u00ab<em>Gareth Porter says his source is close to Chiefs<\/em>\u00bb). On peut le croire sans difficult\u00e9s, sur la foi de l&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience, notamment dans la couverture qu&rsquo;il fit, qui s&rsquo;est av\u00e9r\u00e9e juste, de <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dedefensa.org\/article-les_dessous_de_l_opposition_de_la_navy_a_l_attaque_contre_l_iran_17_05_2007.html\" class=\"gen\">la politique<\/a> de <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dedefensa.org\/article-l_attaque_de_l_iran_est_inutile_puisque_nous_avons_fallon_versus_petraeus_13_09_2007.html?admin=1\" class=\"gen\">l&rsquo;U.S. Navy<\/a> face \u00e0 l&rsquo;Iran au printemps 2007 notamment.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tCe que nous am\u00e8ne le texte de Porter, bien plus d\u00e9taill\u00e9 que tout ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9crit sur ce fameux exercice, c&rsquo;est l&rsquo;\u00e9vidence de la tr\u00e8s grande complexit\u00e9 du cas. Il est extr\u00eamement difficile de distinguer qui a pris v\u00e9ritablement l&rsquo;initiative de d\u00e9commander l&rsquo;exercice, sinon \u00e0 remarquer \u00e9ventuellement que les deux partenaires se sont finalement av\u00e9r\u00e9s d&rsquo;accord, selon des d\u00e9marches diff\u00e9rentes et autonomes, pour le d\u00e9commander. Cela contraste avec les versions publi\u00e9es ici et l\u00e0, qui avaient comme caract\u00e9ristique d&rsquo;\u00eatre cat\u00e9goriques, y compris celle(s) de <em>DEBKAFiles<\/em>, qui furent cat\u00e9goriques dans un sens (ce sont les USA qui ont d\u00e9command\u00e9) puis dans l&rsquo;autre (c&rsquo;est Isra\u00ebl qui a d\u00e9command\u00e9). Mais surtout, ce qui est le plus remarquable, c&rsquo;est le complet renversement de l&rsquo;interpr\u00e9tation, par rapport \u00e0 ce qui \u00e9t\u00e9 unanimement per\u00e7u : la tenue de cet exercice, au lieu d&rsquo;\u00eatre un signe belliciste, voire un signe de pr\u00e9paration \u00e0 la guerre comme on l&rsquo;interpr\u00e9tait, est exactement le contraire, puisqu&rsquo;il est principalement pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 comme amenuisant des ressources militaires isra\u00e9liennes, qui seraient n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 une attaque. Par ailleurs, les USA (le commandement Central Command) n&rsquo;aiment gu\u00e8re cet exercice parce que le th\u00e8me est une attaque iranienne (une riposte ?) contre Isra\u00ebl, sans qu&rsquo;on sache si ce qui inqui\u00e8te dans cette image c&rsquo;est le symbole indiquant que, peut-\u00eatre, une attaque isra\u00e9lienne (contre l&rsquo;Iran) pourrait bien avoir lieu, attirant la riposte iranienne ; ou le symbole d&rsquo;une  capacit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;Iran parvenant effectivement \u00e0 frapper Isra\u00ebl Dans tous les cas, dans toutes ces versions, on ne trouve gu\u00e8re, dans la d\u00e9cision d&rsquo;abandon de l&rsquo;exercice, la notion d&rsquo;un geste fait pour apaiser l&rsquo;Iran. On retrouve \u00e9galement une compl\u00e8te incertitude sur le fait de savoir si cet exercice aura lieu ou pas.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tAu contraire, toutes les interpr\u00e9tations faites autour du 15 janvier, lorsque l&rsquo;exercice fut abandonn\u00e9, furent que cette d\u00e9cision constituait un \u00e9l\u00e9ment de d\u00e9tente, \u00e9loignant la possibilit\u00e9 d&rsquo;une attaque. D&rsquo;ailleurs, la situation dans le Golfe et dans la Mer D&rsquo;Oman, se d\u00e9tendit pendant quelques jours, et le prix du p\u00e9trole s&rsquo;abaissa. L&rsquo;interpr\u00e9tation de la communication, dans des pays comme l&rsquo;Iran, la Russie, etc., \u00e9tait et reste que l&rsquo;exercice est le signe de la possibilit\u00e9 tr\u00e8s renforc\u00e9e d&rsquo;une guerre. (La derni\u00e8re interpr\u00e9tation, de <em>Russia Today<\/em> le 27 janvier [voir le <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dedefensa.org\/article-l_agenda_de_la_guerre_31_01_2012.html\" class=\"gen\">31 janvier 2012<\/a>], est que l&rsquo;exercice, qui serait r\u00e9tabli en octobre, pourrait effectivement annoncer une guerre pour octobre.) <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tDans tout cela, on comprend que la v\u00e9rit\u00e9 n&rsquo;a gu\u00e8re de place, jusqu&rsquo;a se demander d&rsquo;ailleurs s&rsquo;il existe une r\u00e9elle v\u00e9rit\u00e9, si la d\u00e9cision de suspension\/d&rsquo;annulation n&rsquo;est pas la cons\u00e9quence de processus divers, bureaucratiques et incontr\u00f4lables, dont la responsabilit\u00e9 pr\u00e9cise est quasiment non identifi\u00e9e. Il s&rsquo;agit d&rsquo;une situation qui correspond parfaitement au temps de crise g\u00e9n\u00e9rale que nous vivons, o\u00f9 la bassesse des politiques, o\u00f9 l&rsquo;impr\u00e9cision des perceptions dans le fouillis manipul\u00e9 des informations, conduit finalement \u00e0 consid\u00e9rer qu&rsquo;un concept aussi haut que la v\u00e9rit\u00e9 ne trouve plus aucune place, ni aucun int\u00e9r\u00eat d&rsquo;ailleurs, \u00e0 se manifester clairement en tant que telle. D\u00e8s lors, nous sommes oblig\u00e9s, car il existe pourtant, m\u00eame si elle n&rsquo;est pas manifest\u00e9e,  une v\u00e9rit\u00e9 des situations, \u00e0 chercher nous-m\u00eames \u00e0 d\u00e9terminer cette v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Pour ce faire, on doit se demander ce qui est le plus important pour cette d\u00e9marche ; il appara\u00eet le plus souvent que l&rsquo;effet imm\u00e9diat au niveau du syst\u00e8me de la communication tient ce r\u00f4le ; dans le cas consid\u00e9r\u00e9, celui que nous avons effectivement constat\u00e9 lors de l&rsquo;annonce de l&rsquo;annulation\/suspension de l&rsquo;exercice (une d\u00e9cision qui a sembl\u00e9 effectivement constituer, lorsqu&rsquo;elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 annonc\u00e9e \u00e0 la mi-janvier, une concession vis-\u00e0-vis des Iraniens, et une mise en \u00e9vidence de la tension entre USA et Isra\u00ebl). Les pr\u00e9cisions qu&rsquo;apporte Porter n&rsquo;ont finalement gu\u00e8re d&rsquo;int\u00e9r\u00eat pour cette situation, d\u00e9sormais d\u00e9pass\u00e9e, mais elles en ont pour ce qu&rsquo;elles nous disent, ou confirment, des relations entre Isra\u00ebl et les USA, \u00e9galement pour l&rsquo;attitude des USA vis-\u00e0-vis d&rsquo;une attaque de l&rsquo;Iran (ce qui est le sujet de l&rsquo;article de Porter) ; \u00e9galement, et c&rsquo;est encore plus original, pour ce qu&rsquo;elles nous disent de l&rsquo;obsession des militaires isra\u00e9liens pour ce qu&rsquo;ils per\u00e7oivent comme une terrible d\u00e9faite que leur infligea le Hezbollah \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9t\u00e9 2006. Aujourd&rsquo;hui, la question de la v\u00e9rit\u00e9 d&rsquo;une situation sur l&rsquo;instant est d&rsquo;abord fonction d&rsquo;une enqu\u00eate o\u00f9 la raison seule, sans parler des faits objectifs qui n&rsquo;existent quasiment plus d&rsquo;eux-m\u00eames, ne suffisent \u00e9videmment pas, o\u00f9 une intervention importante de l&rsquo;intuition est par cons\u00e9quent n\u00e9cessaire. C&rsquo;est une d\u00e9marche bien d\u00e9licate.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><p>\tMis en ligne le 4 janvier 2012 \u00e0 11H21<\/p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Une des grandes controverses de janvier 2012, dans le cadre de la crise iranienne, fut celle de l&rsquo;exercice isra\u00e9lo-am\u00e9ricaniste Austere Challenge &rsquo;12, figurant l organisation d&rsquo;une riposte isra\u00e9lienne (avec aide US) \u00e0 une attaque de missiles iraniens. Cet exercice, pr\u00e9vu pour le 15 janvier 2012, fut annul\u00e9 deux jours avant ses d\u00e9buts. La premi\u00e8re version&hellip;&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[7626,14563,9973,3015,2631,14619,4472,5633,2773,2774,2622,6767,6333,3014,2804,5445],"class_list":["post-74475","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bloc-notes","tag-7626","tag-austere","tag-challenge","tag-communication","tag-de","tag-gareth","tag-hezbollah","tag-idf","tag-iran","tag-israel","tag-la","tag-obsession","tag-porter","tag-systeme","tag-usa","tag-verite"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74475","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=74475"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74475\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=74475"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=74475"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=74475"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}