{"id":75056,"date":"2013-06-20T23:01:50","date_gmt":"2013-06-20T23:01:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/2013\/06\/20\/dedefensaorg-glenn-greenwald\/"},"modified":"2013-06-20T23:01:50","modified_gmt":"2013-06-20T23:01:50","slug":"dedefensaorg-glenn-greenwald","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/2013\/06\/20\/dedefensaorg-glenn-greenwald\/","title":{"rendered":"<em>dedefensa.org<\/em> &amp; Glenn Greenwald"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><h2 class=\"common-article\"><em>dedefensa.org<\/em> &#038; Glenn Greenwald<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t21 juin 2013  A c\u00f4t\u00e9 des observations subjectives diverses, qui ne sont pas n\u00e9cessairement futiles, qui vont de la plaidoirie pour notre situation \u00e9conomique \u00e0 nos \u00e9tats d&rsquo;\u00e2me n\u00e9cessitant la solidarit\u00e9 des lecteurs, il y a un aspect objectif important dans notre choix de cette formule de donation pour donner \u00e0 <em>dedefensa.org<\/em> le soutien vital dont il a besoin. Il se trouve que ce constat n&rsquo;a pas de meilleur avocat, ce mois-ci, dans le fracas du monde qu&rsquo;on ne peut ignorer et o\u00f9 il est directement impliqu\u00e9, que celui de Glenn Greenwald. Bien entendu, et de la fa\u00e7on la plus normale du monde, son article du <em>Guardian<\/em> du <a href=\"http:\/\/www.guardian.co.uk\/commentisfree\/2013\/jun\/04\/reader-funded-journalism\" class=\"gen\">4 juin 2013<\/a> est pass\u00e9 inaper\u00e7u ; de la fa\u00e7on la plus normale du monde puisque, deux jours plus tard, Greenwald devenait \u00e0 la fois le h\u00e9ros et l&rsquo;inspirateur direct de l&rsquo;affaire PRISM\/NSA\/Snowden, et qu&rsquo;il est \u00e9videmment plus n\u00e9cessaire et aussi plus int\u00e9ressant de lire le produit du travail d&rsquo;un journaliste ind\u00e9pendant de ce calibre, que de lire ce qui est n\u00e9cessairement la r\u00e9p\u00e9tition de la description des conditions dans lesquelles il travaille.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tIl n&#8217;emp\u00eache, Greenwald est un cas unique. Lorsqu&rsquo;il est pass\u00e9 de <em>Salon.com<\/em> au <em>Guardian<\/em>, sa notori\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tait \u00e9tablie. Un arrangement pouvait ais\u00e9ment \u00eatre trouv\u00e9, avec Greenwald enti\u00e8rement r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9 par le <em>Guardian<\/em>. Greenwald a refus\u00e9, proposant une formule mixte : le <em>Guardian<\/em> payant la moiti\u00e9 de la r\u00e9mun\u00e9ration propos\u00e9e, Greenwald s&rsquo;assurant de l&rsquo;autre moiti\u00e9 en demandant des donations \u00e0 ses lecteurs. Ainsi la donation du lecteur est-elle situ\u00e9e \u00e0 sa vraie valeur : non seulement une n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de subsistance pour permettre l&rsquo;exercice de son travail (pas pour Greenwald \u00e0 l&rsquo;origine, mais lui-m\u00eame faisant en sorte qu&rsquo;elle le devienne), mais aussi une n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 intellectuelle pour assurer l&rsquo;ind\u00e9pendance du contenu de son travail  ; une n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 triviale et une n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 noble, la seconde rachetant amplement la premi\u00e8re et lui donnant m\u00eame un peu de sa noblesse&#8230;<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00ab<em>Ever since I began political writing, I&rsquo;ve relied on annual reader donations to enable me to do the journalism I want to do: first when I wrote at my own Blogspot page and then at Salon. Far and away, that has been the primary factor enabling me to remain independent  to be unconstrained in what I can say and do  because it means I&rsquo;m ultimately accountable to my readers, who don&rsquo;t have an agenda other than demanding that I write what I actually think, that the work I produce be unconstrained by institutional orthodoxies and without fear of negative reaction from anyone. It is also reader support that has directly funded much of the work I do, from being able to have research assistants and other needed resources to avoiding having to do the kind of inconsequential work that distracts from that which I think is most necessary and valuable.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb<em>For that reason, when I moved my blog from Salon to the Guardian, the Guardian and I agreed that I would continue to rely in part on reader support. Having this be part of the arrangement, rather than exclusively relying on the Guardian paying to publish the column, was vital to me. It&rsquo;s the model I really I believe in.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb<em>It is an indispensable factor in my independence. It enables me to work far more effectively by having the resources I need and to spend my time only on the work which I actually believe can have an impact. It keeps my readers invested in the work I do and keeps me accountable to them. And it&rsquo;s what enables me to know that I&rsquo;ll be able to continue focusing on the issues and advancing the perspectives which I think are vital regardless of who that might alienate. I&rsquo;ve spent all of this week extensively traveling and working continuously on what will be a huge story: something made possible by being at the Guardian but also by my ability to devote all of my time and efforts to projects like this one.<\/em>\u00bb<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tLe reste du texte de Greenwald est une apologie de ce mod\u00e8le de journalisme, plus que jamais n\u00e9cessaire aujourd&rsquo;hui o\u00f9 les grands groupes de presse rassemblent le maximum de publications dans leurs mains, les int\u00e9grant ainsi au Syst\u00e8me avec les cons\u00e9quences qu&rsquo;on sait. (En 1982, il y avait 50 groupes m\u00e9dias aux USA ; ils sont 5 aujourd&rsquo;hui, 8 si on y ajoute les trois g\u00e9ants de l&rsquo;internet [Google, Yahoo !, Microsoft]. Voir notamment <em>Global Issues<\/em>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.globalissues.org\/article\/159\/media-conglomerates-mergers-concentration-of-ownership\" class=\"gen\">2 janvier 2009<\/a> et <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Concentration_of_media_ownership#United_States\" class=\"gen\">Wikip\u00e9dia<\/a>, \u00e0 la rubrique <em>Concentration Media Ownership<\/em>.)<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tIl n&rsquo;y a plus de choix d\u00e9sormais en ceci qu&rsquo;il n&rsquo;y a plus de demi-mesure possible. La situation se trouve d\u00e9finie entre le rouleau-compresseur du <em>corporate power<\/em> section m\u00e9dias et ce qu&rsquo;on nomme du vocable g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de presse alternative,  auquel nous pr\u00e9f\u00e9rerions l&rsquo;expression plus large mais n\u00e9anmoins plus pr\u00e9cise de communication-antiSyst\u00e8me. La base m\u00eame de cette communication-antiSyst\u00e8me est bien le lien entre la plume de celui qui \u00e9crit et ceux qui lisent ce que cette plume produit, et cette combinaison passant n\u00e9cessairement par le soutien des seconds \u00e0 la premi\u00e8re. Greenwald a parfaitement saisi l&rsquo;essence de la situation de cette communication-antiSyst\u00e8me, qui est n\u00e9cessairement <strong>collective<\/strong>&#8230;  <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00ab<em>As governments and private financial power centers become larger, more secretive, and less accountable, one of the few remaining mechanisms for checking, investigating and undermining them  adversarial journalism  has continued to weaken. Many of these large struggling media outlets don&rsquo;t actually do worthwhile adversarial journalism and aren&rsquo;t interested in doing it, but some of them do. For an entity as vast as the US government and the oligarchical factions that control it  with their potent propaganda platforms and limitless financial power  only robust, healthy and well-funded journalism can provide meaningful opposition.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb<em>For several years, I&rsquo;ve been absolutely convinced that there is one uniquely potent solution to all of this: reader-supported journalism. That model produces numerous significant benefits. To begin with, it liberates good journalists from the constraints imposed by exclusive reliance on corporate advertisers and media corporations. It enables journalism that is truly in the public interest  and that actually engages, informs, and inspires its readers  to be primarily accountable to those readers.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb<em>Reader-supported journalism also democratizes political discourse and injects otherwise excluded perspectives; it does so by enabling the funding of a platform for those who want to cover issues and advocate perspectives unwelcome in most large corporate conglomerates. It provides a crucial alternative to the easiest careerist path for journalists to make a living: working for and serving the most powerful and wealthiest corporate factions. Under this model, it is only the journalists who people perceive are providing a real public value who are supported.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb<em>And, probably most importantly, this model elevates the<\/em> <strong><em>act of journalism into a collective venture<\/em><\/strong><em>, where readers are invested in the adversarial pushback against powerful institutions that good journalism provides.<\/em> <strong><em>Readers become a part of it and the causes it advances<\/em><\/strong><em>, rather than just passive recipients of a one-way monologue. In sum, it&rsquo;s vital that journalism be funded not only by large corporate interests with homogenous agendas but by citizens banding together as well.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb<em>This model is not entirely new. The great independent journalist IF Stone was able to produce his path-breaking newsletter of the 1950s and 1960s only as a result of reader support. The emergence of political blogs at the beginning of the last decade, which really did produce several unique voices and had some genuine impact on the political discourse, was driven in part by some advertising but in many cases primarily by annual reader donations; in many cases, they still are. Various forms of public radio and television have long relied on voluntary donations, and political magazines from Mother Jones to National Review still do.<\/em>\u00bb<\/p>\n<h3>Nous contre le Syst\u00e8me<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tNous avons emprunt\u00e9, dans notre texte, les trois-quarts de celui de Greenwald. Nous croyons, nous savons bien entendu qu&rsquo;il ne nous en fera aucun reproche, si la chose lui arrivait jamais \u00e0 l&rsquo;oreille par un canal ou l&rsquo;autre. Nous pensons qu&rsquo;il expose magnifiquement la question que nous-m\u00eames traitons r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement, pour chaque donation. En fait, c&rsquo;est moins le sens de l&rsquo;urgence pour nous (donations), assez habituel certes et qui subsiste donc, qui nous a pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 emprunter de larges extraits de son texte, mais bien la valeur intrins\u00e8que de ce texte, qui doit int\u00e9resser nos lecteurs.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tBien entendu, il n&rsquo;est pas question que nous nous mettions en parall\u00e8le avec Greenwald, ni sur le m\u00eame pied. Ce journaliste est exceptionnel, il a des moyens d&rsquo;action \u00e9galement exceptionnels, et un courage \u00e0 mesure. Nous pensons n\u00e9anmoins que son exemple, son action depuis que l&rsquo;affaire PRISM\/NSA\/Snowdon a d\u00e9marr\u00e9, constituent un formidable exemple de la capacit\u00e9 d&rsquo;un esprit ind\u00e9pendant, travaillant avec des moyens raisonnables (dont une partie fournie par le soutien de ses lecteurs), \u00e0 provoquer des \u00e9v\u00e9nements d&rsquo;envergure mondiale, secouant le Syst\u00e8me jusque dans ses tr\u00e9fonds. Il existe aujourd&rsquo;hui l&rsquo;hypoth\u00e8se que PRISM\/NSA\/Snowdon, dont nous estimons qu&rsquo;elle est devenue une crise en soi (voir le <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dedefensa.org\/article-prism_nsa_snowdon_crise_infrastructurelle_20_06_2013.html\" class=\"gen\">20 juin 2013<\/a>), une crise autonome, capable de susciter elle-m\u00eame des effets et des cons\u00e9quences extraordinaires, peut amener des bouleversements consid\u00e9rables allant jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 la possibilit\u00e9 d&rsquo;en entra\u00eenement d\u00e9cisif de la crise d&rsquo;effondrement du Syst\u00e8me. Bien entendu, ce n&rsquo;est pas une pr\u00e9vision mais simplement une hypoth\u00e8se ; le fait qu&rsquo;elle puisse \u00eatre pos\u00e9e et envisag\u00e9e s\u00e9rieusement est en soi un \u00e9v\u00e9nement d&rsquo;une immense importance.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tObservez les effets absolument d\u00e9multipli\u00e9s, entre les contacts puis la collaboration de deux hommes (Greenwald et Snowdon), et les effets et cons\u00e9quence possibles sur cette puissance inou\u00efe qu&rsquo;est le Syst\u00e8me. Vous ne pouvez pas ne pas tirer une conclusion d\u00e9cisive sur cette situation <strong>sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent<\/strong> o\u00f9 un si petit nombre d&rsquo;hommes, dot\u00e9s de moyens si restreints, tiennent en main cette potentialit\u00e9 extraordinaire de frapper au cur le Syst\u00e8me. Et qu&rsquo;est-ce donc qui fait agir Greenwald, qui lui donne cette force unique, outre sa conviction bien entendu, sinon le soutien de ses lecteurs, ses centaines et milliers de commentaires que suscitent ses articles, et l&rsquo;intervention financi\u00e8re, \u00e9galement de soutien, qu&rsquo;il obtient de ses lecteurs ?<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tNous ne sommes pas Greenwald, d\u00e9cid\u00e9ment. Mais nous sommes dans des circonstances proches, certainement dans son esprit, et l&rsquo;appel \u00e0 la solidarit\u00e9 qu&rsquo;il lance dans son texte c&rsquo;est le n\u00f4tre \u00e9galement. Greenwald juge que cet aspect collectif est le plus important, comme nous l&rsquo;avons \u00e9crit dix fois, cent fois&#8230; \u00ab<em>And, probably most importantly, this model elevates the<\/em> <strong><em>act of journalism into a collective venture<\/em><\/strong><em>, where readers are invested in the adversarial pushback against powerful institutions that good journalism provides.<\/em> <strong><em>Readers become a part of it and the causes it advances<\/em><\/strong>&#8230;<D>\u00bb De ce point de vue-l\u00e0, sans aucun doute, nous sommes absolument comme Greenwald, il parle pour lui et il parle pour nous.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t&#8230; Bien, inutile de faire quelque comptabilit\u00e9 peu rago\u00fbtante l\u00e0-dessus. Vous voyez la barre de comptage, vous savez o\u00f9 nous sommes et ce dont nous avons besoin. Vous savez que nous avons besoin de votre soutien.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>dedefensa.org &#038; Glenn Greenwald 21 juin 2013 A c\u00f4t\u00e9 des observations subjectives diverses, qui ne sont pas n\u00e9cessairement futiles, qui vont de la plaidoirie pour notre situation \u00e9conomique \u00e0 nos \u00e9tats d&rsquo;\u00e2me n\u00e9cessitant la solidarit\u00e9 des lecteurs, il y a un aspect objectif important dans notre choix de cette formule de donation pour donner \u00e0&hellip;&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[2756,4646,9082,3015,6944,3659,4738,3871,12212,12249,4737],"class_list":["post-75056","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-notre-situation","tag-action","tag-antisysteme","tag-collective","tag-communication","tag-greenwald","tag-guardian","tag-lecteurs","tag-nsa","tag-prism","tag-snowdon","tag-soutien"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/75056","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=75056"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/75056\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=75056"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=75056"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=75056"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}