{"id":75224,"date":"2013-09-26T11:26:39","date_gmt":"2013-09-26T11:26:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/2013\/09\/26\/le-grand-schisme\/"},"modified":"2013-09-26T11:26:39","modified_gmt":"2013-09-26T11:26:39","slug":"le-grand-schisme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/2013\/09\/26\/le-grand-schisme\/","title":{"rendered":"Le Grand Schisme ?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><h3 class=\"titrebloc\">Le Grand Schisme ?<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tDepuis deux jours, c&rsquo;est une profusion de nouvelles, d&rsquo;analyses, de commentaires, concernant la concr\u00e9tisation tr\u00e8s forte et tr\u00e8s op\u00e9rationnelle des divisions \u00e0 l&rsquo;int\u00e9rieur du camp des rebelles anti-Assad. Les divisions suivent <em>grosso modo<\/em> la ligne de partage entre la r\u00e9f\u00e9rence religieuse et la r\u00e9f\u00e9rence la\u00efque, avec les liens en cons\u00e9quence avec les pays du bloc BAO qui soutiennent les rebelles depuis le d\u00e9but. A l&rsquo;int\u00e9rieur de cette grande ligne de partage, existe des fluctuation selon les groupes avec des ralliements d&rsquo;un camp vers l&rsquo;autre (en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral \u00e0 l&rsquo;avantage du camp religieux), et aussi entre les groupes combattants int\u00e9rieurs et leurs repr\u00e9sentations ext\u00e9rieures, et encore entre ces repr\u00e9sentations ext\u00e9rieures. C&rsquo;est dire s&rsquo;il est difficile de tracer un tableau pr\u00e9cis de la situation, et qu&rsquo;il est pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable de s&rsquo;en tenir \u00e0 l&rsquo;impression g\u00e9n\u00e9rale qu&rsquo;il pourrait bien s&rsquo;agir d&rsquo;un mouvement d\u00e9cisif de rupture \u00e0 l&rsquo;int\u00e9rieur du camp rebelle.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tOn trouve notamment des informations et des analyses sur Reuters, le <a href=\"http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/2013\/09\/26\/us-un-assembly-syria-resolution-idUSBRE98O15O20130926\" class=\"gen\">26 septembre 2013<\/a>, sur <em>Antiwar.com<\/em> le <a href=\"http:\/\/news.antiwar.com\/2013\/09\/25\/syrian-rebels-spurn-coalition-call-for-new-islamist-leadership\/&#8236;\" class=\"gen\">26 septembre 2013<\/a>, sur IPS (<em>InterPress Service<\/em>, via <em>Antiwar.com<\/em>) le <a href=\"http:\/\/original.antiwar.com\/shelly-kittleson\/2013\/09\/24\/cracks-widen-among-syrian-rebels\/\" class=\"gen\">25 septembre 2013<\/a>, etc. Un texte de <em>Russia Today<\/em>, le <a href=\"http:\/\/rt.com\/news\/syria-rebels-opposition-split-322\/\" class=\"gen\">25 septembre 2013<\/a>, regroupe toutes les informations essentielles et donne une image assez claire d&rsquo;une situation assez compliqu\u00e9e, certes &#8230; On notera, soulign\u00e9e en gras par nous, l&rsquo;appr\u00e9ciation d&rsquo;un officiel du d\u00e9partement d&rsquo;\u00c9tat, donnant la mesure des paradoxes qu&rsquo;on trouve, bien entendu sans surprise excessive, dans cette situation remarquable par sa complexit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb<em>Key Syrian rebel groups, including members of the Western-backed Free Syrian Army, have rejected the authority of the Turkey-based Syrian National Coalition, a body that the West and some Arab countries hoped would form a government in exile. The coalition this month elected self-described moderate Islamist Ahmad Tumeh to serve as the prime minister of its government, but 13 of the most powerful rebel groups fighting in Syria said neither him nor the coalition represent them. The majority of the rebels denouncing the SNC are radical Islamists such as the notorious terrorist organization Al-Nusra Front. But among them is the 19th Division, a significant but relatively new addition to the mainstream Free Syrian Army, reports AFP.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb<em>These forces call on all military and civilian forces to unite under a clear Islamic framework based on Sharia law [Islamic law], which should be the sole source of legislation,\u00a0\u00bb the signatories said. The statement was published on several rebel-related social media pages. It was read by an elderly man shown on a video.<\/em> [&#8230;]<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb<em>Meanwhile a senior US State Department official said Tuesday that radical and moderate rebels in Syria are engaged in the fiercest infighting yet, especially in opposition-held territory along Syria&rsquo;s northern and eastern borders. The increased confrontation between the more effective Islamists and the US-backed moderates has undermined their ability to fight against the Syrian army.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb<em>It&rsquo;s the hardest fighting we have ever seen between Salim Idriss&rsquo;s elements of the Free Syrian Army and the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, said the official, who spoke to reporters after US Secretary of State John Kerry met SNC President Ahmad Jarba. It&rsquo;s a slog. I would even go so far as to say that<\/em> <strong><em>the extremists are actually doing the government&rsquo;s work now<\/em><\/strong><em>, which was a point that the opposition made in the meeting with the secretary, said the official, who spoke on condition of anonymity.<\/em>\u00bb<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tMcClatchy.<em>News<\/em> (le <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mcclatchydc.com\/2013\/09\/25\/v-print\/203260\/obama-officials-plans-in-syria.html\" class=\"gen\">26 septembre 2013<\/a>) consacre une longue analyse \u00e0 la question de la fracture au sein du mouvement rebelle. Il examine les implications diverses, notamment op\u00e9rationnelles, et tente \u00e9galement d&rsquo;en appr\u00e9cier l&rsquo;importance politique. Ainsi renforce-t-il l&rsquo;impression que nous nous trouvons devant un \u00e9v\u00e9nement d&rsquo;une r\u00e9elle importance.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00ab<em>The emergence of the Islamist bloc comes just as U.S. officials were touting more unity and diversity within the Istanbul-based Syrian Opposition Coalition, whose leaders are at the United Nations this week trying to convince world powers to send more money and weapons to the rebel cause. That could become a much harder sale now that the Supreme Military Command has lost its biggest militias. The development also doesn&rsquo;t bode well for the State Department&rsquo;s plans for a joint U.S.-Russian peace summit on Syria, or at least a conference that would be viewed as credible by Syrians and regional stakeholders.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb<em>Here you have radicals doing something that conceivably could give them more of a claim to a seat at the table, while because of their odious ideology and other reasons, these aren&rsquo;t the people the United States wants to see at the table, said Paul Pillar, who served as the U.S. intelligence community&rsquo;s top Middle East analyst and now teaches security studies at Georgetown University.<\/em> [&#8230;]<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00bb<em>&#8230; Thirteen rebel factions were signatories to the Islamist alliance&rsquo;s announcement, which quickly went viral in online Syrian forums and was accompanied by snapshots of members of the different groups posing together as comrades. To be very open and frank, it is a problem that the opposition counts extremists and terrorist groups, and I don&rsquo;t shy away from using the word terrorist groups. That&rsquo;s a fact, NATO Secretary General Anders Fogh Rasmussen told McClatchy in an interview on the sidelines of the U.N. General Assembly. And of course it&rsquo;s weakening  it is weakening  the opposition.<\/em>\u00bb<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tLe m\u00eame article de McClatchy-<em>News<\/em> s&rsquo;attache \u00e0 recueillir les avis d&rsquo;experts sur l&rsquo;importance de l&rsquo;\u00e9v\u00e9nement g\u00e9n\u00e9ral qui est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 ici. On note particuli\u00e8rement celui de Charles Lister, de IHS Jane&rsquo;s, qui avait r\u00e9cemment (voir le <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dedefensa.org\/article-les_djihadistes_en_syrie_17_09_2013.html\" class=\"gen\">17 septembre 2013<\/a>) donn\u00e9 des pr\u00e9cisions largement r\u00e9percut\u00e9es d\u00e9mentant notablement des affirmations de Kerry sur la proportions des islamistes dans la r\u00e9bellion. Le jugement de Lister est que les p\u00e9rip\u00e9ties actuelles pourraient sans doute signaler l&rsquo;importance consid\u00e9rable de l&rsquo;\u00e9v\u00e9nement g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 en faire potentiellement un tournant pour la r\u00e9bellion et, partant, pour la crise syrienne&#8230; <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\t\u00ab<em>Still, analysts of jihadist movements say, the defiantly militant, anti-Western tone of the initial statement signaled a serious shift in the nature of the opposition that&rsquo;s likely to linger even if groups come and go from the bloc. Charles Lister, who monitors jihadist movements for the London-based defense consultancy IHS Jane&rsquo;s, called the agreement<\/em> <strong><em>a potentially pivotal moment<\/em><\/strong> <em>for the rebellion. ,If this new alliance holds, it will likely prove the most significant turning point in the evolution of Syria&rsquo;s anti-government insurgency to date, Lister wrote in an analysis sent to journalists. Having toed politically pragmatic lines since their emergence onto the scene in Syria, the key Islamist middle-ground players  Liwa al Tawheed, Liwa al Islam and Suqor al Sham  have finally made clear where their allegiances lie, with huge implications for the moderate opposition.<\/em>\u00bb<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tLa th\u00e8se d&rsquo;un tournant capital dans la situation de la r\u00e9bellion est largement substantiv\u00e9e par les \u00e9v\u00e9nements, apr\u00e8s diverses p\u00e9rip\u00e9ties dans ces derniers mois qui faisaient envisager de tels prolongements. D&rsquo;autre part, une analyse plus g\u00e9n\u00e9rale nous conduit \u00e0 distinguer une r\u00e9elle concordance entre cette \u00e9volution d\u00e9structurante de la r\u00e9bellion, et l&rsquo;\u00e9volution de la position (pour ne pas dire politique, mot qui n&rsquo;a pas sa place ici) du bloc BAO ces derni\u00e8res semaines. A la lumi\u00e8re de cette m\u00e9thodologie, on pourrait appr\u00e9cier que le projet avort\u00e9 d&rsquo;attaque US (avec les suppl\u00e9tifs fran\u00e7ais) contre la Syrie,  m\u00eame s&rsquo;il peut potentiellement \u00eatre r\u00e9activ\u00e9,  constitue une circonstance d\u00e9structurante importante pour l&rsquo;ensemble du mouvement anti-Assad dans sa conformation initiale d&rsquo;apparence unitaire.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tQuelles que soient les attitudes, les attentes, les montages, les ambitions cach\u00e9es, etc., l&rsquo;attaque US, dans le degr\u00e9 d&rsquo;annonce o\u00f9 elle se trouvait au niveau de la communication, \u00e9tait devenue une perspective tr\u00e8s forte d&rsquo;un \u00e9v\u00e9nement catalyseur, \u00e9galement pour la r\u00e9bellion, m\u00eame si chaque fraction en attendait sans doute des effets diff\u00e9rents. Son abandon pour la s\u00e9quence,  abandon temporaire ou pas qu&rsquo;importe,  constitue un choc consid\u00e9rable pour les psychologies. On ne parle pas n\u00e9cessairement des enseignements concrets, strat\u00e9giques ou tactiques dans une orientation sp\u00e9cifique selon les tendances, mais d&rsquo;abord du choc psychologique brut &#8230; Quoi qu&rsquo;on en veuille, la perspective d&rsquo;une frappe US accompagn\u00e9e de tout l&rsquo;apparat de communication qui continue \u00e0 habiller l&rsquo;image de la puissance am\u00e9ricaniste (malgr\u00e9 son d\u00e9clin dans la r\u00e9alit\u00e9), telle qu&rsquo;elle se trouvait clam\u00e9e, voire magnifi\u00e9e dans le sens d&rsquo;une capacit\u00e9 exceptionnelle sinon magique par le syst\u00e8me de la communication, constituait un \u00e9v\u00e9nement paroxystique que tout le monde attendait, et qui maintenait, bon gr\u00e9 mal gr\u00e9, une certaine discipline unitaire chez les rebelles (et dans tous les camps d&rsquo;ailleurs), quelles que fussent les arri\u00e8re-pens\u00e9es. Son abandon a bris\u00e9 ce cadre psychologique de contrainte et a lib\u00e9r\u00e9 les ambitions, les dynamiques, etc., pour les exposer \u00e0 ciel ouvert.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\tOn se garde bien ici de faire quelque pr\u00e9vision que ce soit sur l&rsquo;\u00e9volution de la situation des rebelles. La complication de la situation, d\u00e9sormais multipli\u00e9e par les nouvelles fractures, interdit un tel exercice. On se contente d&rsquo;acter l&rsquo;extr\u00eame probabilit\u00e9 qu&rsquo;il s&rsquo;agit d&rsquo;un \u00e9v\u00e9nement important, coupl\u00e9 avec un choc psychologique qui ne l&rsquo;est pas moins. Cela signifie que la situation de la crise syrienne se trouve d\u00e9sormais plac\u00e9e \u00e0 un carrefour de son \u00e9volution, avec diverses possibilit\u00e9s de d\u00e9veloppement, et finalement plac\u00e9e avant tout devant une perspective marqu\u00e9e par l&rsquo;inconnu et selon des tensions d\u00e9stabilisatrices importantes. Bien entendu, non seulement la Syrie est concern\u00e9e, mais la r\u00e9gion du Moyen-Orient \u00e9galement et, par voie de cons\u00e9quence indirecte mais qui peut s&rsquo;av\u00e9rer tr\u00e8s puissante comme on l&rsquo;a vu dans l&rsquo;\u00e9pisode <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dedefensa.org\/article-une_am_rique_antiguerre_une_am_rique_en_r_volte__10_09_2013.html\" class=\"gen\">int\u00e9rieur US<\/a> dans la s\u00e9quence qui vient de se terminer, la situation int\u00e9rieure des pays du bloc BAO. <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><p>\tMis en ligne le 26 septembre 2013 \u00e0 11H26<\/p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le Grand Schisme ? Depuis deux jours, c&rsquo;est une profusion de nouvelles, d&rsquo;analyses, de commentaires, concernant la concr\u00e9tisation tr\u00e8s forte et tr\u00e8s op\u00e9rationnelle des divisions \u00e0 l&rsquo;int\u00e9rieur du camp des rebelles anti-Assad. Les divisions suivent grosso modo la ligne de partage entre la r\u00e9f\u00e9rence religieuse et la r\u00e9f\u00e9rence la\u00efque, avec les liens en cons\u00e9quence avec&hellip;&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[5788,4529,12448,7650,12447,3867],"class_list":["post-75224","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bloc-notes","tag-islamistes","tag-janes","tag-lister","tag-rasmussen","tag-shisme","tag-syrie"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/75224","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=75224"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/75224\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=75224"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=75224"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=75224"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}