{"id":79078,"date":"2020-01-28T11:19:38","date_gmt":"2020-01-28T11:19:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/2020\/01\/28\/liran-enjeu-de-la-guerre-civile-us\/"},"modified":"2020-01-28T11:19:38","modified_gmt":"2020-01-28T11:19:38","slug":"liran-enjeu-de-la-guerre-civile-us","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/2020\/01\/28\/liran-enjeu-de-la-guerre-civile-us\/","title":{"rendered":"L&rsquo;Iran, enjeu de la \u201cguerre civile\u201d US"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><h2 class=\"titleset_a.deepgreen\" style=\"color:#75714d; font-size:2em\">L&rsquo;Iran, enjeu de la \u00ab\u00a0guerre civile\u00a0\u00bb US<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>Notre ami Alastair Crooke publie un article d&rsquo;analyse de la situation actuelle entre les USA et l&rsquo;Iran, en donnant toute sa place et m\u00eame la place centrale \u00e0 la \u00ab\u00a0guerre civile froide\u00a0\u00bb (\u00e0 peine \u00ab\u00a0froide\u00a0\u00bb, en train de \u00ab\u00a0chauffer\u00a0\u00bb) \u00e0 Washington D.C., &ndash; ce que nous traduisons fr\u00e9quemment par \u00ab\u00a0D.C.-la-folle\u00a0\u00bb \u00e0 cause des exc\u00e8s, des aspects de simulacre grossier, de son atmosph\u00e8re irr\u00e9sistiblement bouffe (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dedefensa.org\/article\/glossairedde-la-tragedie-bouffe\">trag\u00e9die-bouffe<\/a>). L&rsquo;analyse de Crooke rencontre parfaitement notre propre conception qui, justement, depuis 9\/11 et d\u00e9sormais (depuis 2015-2016) d&rsquo;une fa\u00e7on visible et souvent grotesque avec le risque \u00e9vident sinon d\u00e9j\u00e0 en cours de l&rsquo;autodestruction, donne cette place centrale \u00e0 la situation interne puis l&rsquo;affrontement interne \u00e0 Washington D.C. <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>Crooke introduit et articule son propos sur l&rsquo;initiative de ceux qu&rsquo;il nomme \u00ab\u00a0les Euro3&Prime; (les trois pays, Allemagne, France, UK) qui ont d\u00e9nonc\u00e9 l&rsquo;Iran et d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de porter ce qu&rsquo;ils jugent \u00eatre des violation du trait\u00e9 JCPOA par l&rsquo;Iran. On sait ce qu&rsquo;il faut en penser du point de vue de l'\u00a0\u00bbesprit de la loi\u00a0\u00bb en ayant \u00e0 l&rsquo;esprit la responsabilit\u00e9 US dans le d\u00e9clenchement de la crise (retrait du trait\u00e9 en 2018), &ndash; d&rsquo;ailleurs archi-prouv\u00e9 par ce qui suit et est dit sur l&rsquo;attitude r\u00e9elle des USA ; et ce qu&rsquo;il faut penser de l&rsquo;attitude des Euro3 qui n&rsquo;ont m\u00eame pas eu un mot de reproche \u00e0 l&rsquo;encontre des USA pour les conditions absolument ill\u00e9gales de l&rsquo;assassinat de Soleimani. Mais Crooke entend ne juger que l&rsquo;aspect froidement pragmatique de cette d\u00e9marche : les Euro3 pensant que l&rsquo;Iran pourra ais\u00e9ment surmonter le r\u00e9tablissement \u00e9ventuel des sanctions de l&rsquo;ONU, largement d\u00e9pass\u00e9es et incluses dans les sanctions US, et qu&rsquo;il pourra tenir avec des aides diverses de ses pays voisins, y compris des &Eacute;tats du Golfe qui n&rsquo;ont plus gu\u00e8re de confiance dans les USA, &ndash; \u00ab\u00a0tenir\u00a0\u00bb jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 la probable r\u00e9\u00e9lection de Trump qui, constatant cette situation et \u00e9tant lib\u00e9r\u00e9 des contraintes \u00e9lectorales et de la pression de la destitution, modifierait alors sa politique.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>&Eacute;videmment, les Euro3 ont manqu\u00e9 un \u00e9l\u00e9ment fondamental, ne comprenant strictement rien puisque fig\u00e9s dans leur soumission inconditionnelle, \u00e0 la situation interne de Washington D.C. ; et n&rsquo;appr\u00e9hendant rien par cons\u00e9quent du terrible affrontement qui oppose deux factions rivales et constitue la matrice de tout le reste, y compris bien entendu de la crise USA-Iran. Nous donnons ci-dessous une traduction de la deuxi\u00e8me partie de cette analyse qui aborde justement cette question de la situation \u00e0 Washington D.C., et donc de sa conclusion qui, d&rsquo;un point de vue op\u00e9rationnel, estime que l&rsquo;esp\u00e8ce de \u00ab\u00a0tr\u00eave\u00a0\u00bb observ\u00e9e par les USA depuis l&rsquo;assassinat de Soleimani et la riposte des Iraniens devrait \u00eatre de courte dur\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>&laquo; <em>Le professeur Mike Vlahos, cependant, offre une autre perspective que les Europ\u00e9ens semblent avoir n\u00e9glig\u00e9e. Dans son livre, &lsquo;Fighting Identity&rsquo;, Vlahos va au-del\u00e0 des habituels parall\u00e8les banals pour affirmer que les &Eacute;tats-Unis ne sont pas un &Eacute;tat-nation ordinaire mais un  \u00ab\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theamericanconservative.com\/articles\/the-rites-of-war\/\">system leader<\/a>\u00ab\u00a0, la matrice d&rsquo;une puissance civilisationnelle comme l&rsquo;\u00e9taient Rome, Byzance et l&rsquo;Empire ottoman. Le \u00ab\u00a0system leader\u00a0\u00bb est \u00ab\u00a0un cadre identitaire universaliste li\u00e9 \u00e0 un &Eacute;tat. Cette position est coh\u00e9rente parce que les &Eacute;tats-Unis poss\u00e8dent clairement ce cadre identitaire aujourd&rsquo;hui\u00a0\u00bb.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&raquo; <em>Le deuxi\u00e8me point de Vlahos est que le <\/em>[soi-disant]<em> succ\u00e8s des &Eacute;tats-Unis contre l&rsquo;URSS a d\u00e9cha&icirc;n\u00e9 leur hubris : il a conduit les dirigeants am\u00e9ricains \u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0adopter une vision du monde d&rsquo;un conservatisme de fer\u00a0\u00bb. Apr\u00e8s tout, (comme ils voient les choses), ils ne d\u00e9fendent pas \u00ab\u00a0la nation\u00a0\u00bb en soi, mais plut\u00f4t une vision globale et un ordre mondial fond\u00e9 sur les r\u00e8gles de cette vision. Parall\u00e8lement, alors que le public civil acceptait l&rsquo;id\u00e9e d&rsquo;un nouveau si\u00e8cle am\u00e9ricain et que l&rsquo;\u00e9thique militaire s&rsquo;affaiblissait au sein de la population, le complexe militaro-s\u00e9curitaire a r\u00e9agi en s&rsquo;affirmant de mani\u00e8re correspondante comme la puissance s\u00e9curitaire assumant et imposant la vision am\u00e9ricaine qui avait pr\u00e9valu pendant la guerre froide. Ainsi, \u00ab\u00a0l&rsquo;&Eacute;tat\u00a0\u00bb a effectivement prolif\u00e9r\u00e9 et s&rsquo;est affirm\u00e9 comme sa propre sous-culture, ou plut\u00f4t une constellation de sous-cultures \u00e9tatiques, militaires et bureaucratiques (ce qui forme le DeepState) qui consid\u00e8re que sa mission est d&rsquo;\u00eatre \u00ab\u00a0le gardien de fer\u00a0\u00bb de cette vision universaliste, &ndash; jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 (m\u00eame si Vlahos ne fait pas le lien explicitement) prot\u00e9ger l&rsquo;&Eacute;tat contre des dirigeants \u00ab\u00a0populistes\u00a0\u00bb tels que Trump, qui seraient soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s de trahir le mod\u00e8le avec une vision mercantiliste qui lui porterait r\u00e9ellement pr\u00e9judice (selon eux).<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&raquo; <em>Le r\u00e9sultat paradoxal est qu&rsquo;alors que l&rsquo;ancien ordre est  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theamericanconservative.com\/articles\/civil-war-begins-when-the-constitutional-order-breaks-down\/\">contest\u00e9 et d\u00e9mantel\u00e9<\/a>, \u00e0 la fois par Trump et par la \u00ab\u00a0R\u00e9sistance\u00a0\u00bb anti-Trump (c&rsquo;est-\u00e0-dire ceux qui se consid\u00e8rent pourtant comme les gardiens de l&rsquo;ancien ordre), \u00ab\u00a0les partis en guerre ont durci et radicalis\u00e9 leurs positions de sorte qu&rsquo;ils feront presque tout pour l&#8217;emporter. La grande ironie, c&rsquo;est que <\/em>[dans] <em>leur volont\u00e9 mutuelle de gagner <\/em>&#8230; [les partis en guerre] <em>refusent de travailler ensemble dans la carapace rouill\u00e9e de l&rsquo;ancien ordre constitutionnel. Pourtant, ils travaillent c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, &ndash; c&rsquo;est-\u00e0-dire ensemble ! &ndash; pour le renverser. Pour les deux partis, l&rsquo;ancien ordre est le principal obstacle \u00e0 la victoire. La victoire passe donc par le renversement de cet ordre\u00a0\u00bb.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&raquo; <em>Ce qui peut manquer dans l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation de la situation par les Euro3, c&rsquo;est l&rsquo;\u00e9norme importance symbolique pour ces deux factions am\u00e9ricaines en guerre l&rsquo;une contre l&rsquo;autre, de l&rsquo;objectif que l&rsquo;Iran islamique soit mis \u00e0 genoux dans une condition de contrition et de repentance pour se faire pardonner sa R\u00e9volution islamique. Pour l&rsquo;establishment militaire et s\u00e9curitaire am\u00e9ricain, cela repr\u00e9senterait une autre victoire significative de l&rsquo;h\u00e9g\u00e9monie am\u00e9ricaine, &ndash; en termes symboliques, une \u00ab\u00a0victoire civilisationnelle\u00a0\u00bb aussi importante que celle contre le \u00ab\u00a0marxisme\u00a0\u00bb. Pour Trump, rien ne peut mieux d\u00e9montrer aux Am\u00e9ricains que ses stratag\u00e8mes de n\u00e9gociation \u00e0 haut risque ont une valeur strat\u00e9giques, que les risques sont mesur\u00e9s et que le r\u00e9sultat sera un Iran neutralis\u00e9 (sans capacit\u00e9 nucl\u00e9aire).<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&raquo; <em>Les Euro3 peuvent penser que tout ce qu&rsquo;ils ont fait aboutit \u00e0 une pression suppl\u00e9mentaire sur l&rsquo;Iran pour qu&rsquo;il conclue un accord avec Trump. Cela semble \u00ab\u00a0\u00f4 tellement rationnel\u00a0\u00bb et plein de bon sens. Mais les &Eacute;tats-Unis ne sont pas engag\u00e9s dans ce type d&rsquo;analyse strat\u00e9gique. Ils jouent pour gagner leur sale guerre civile interne, &ndash; par tous les moyens. L&rsquo;establishment militaire et de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 veut la domination \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique du Moyen-Orient ; il ne tol\u00e9rera aucune menace contre son avantage financier \u00ab\u00a0dollaris\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb en mati\u00e8re d&rsquo;armement qu&rsquo;impliquerait une mini-\u00ab\u00a0Route de la Soie\u00a0\u00bb des armements sous direction russe, &ndash; et il ne veut pas permettre \u00e0 Isra\u00ebl de se replier.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&raquo; <em>Les Euro3, en mettant le cadre du JCPOA \u00e0 la casse, nous ram\u00e8nent in\u00e9vitablement \u00e0 cette histoire binaire de \u00ab\u00a0l&rsquo;Iran ne pourra jamais \u00eatre autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 poss\u00e9der une arme nucl\u00e9aire : soit les Iraniens doivent renoncer enti\u00e8rement \u00e0 l&rsquo;enrichissement, soit ils doivent en assumer les cons\u00e9quences\u00a0\u00bb. Trump a peut-\u00eatre demand\u00e9 cette action aux Euro3 (peut-\u00eatre exig\u00e9e au nom des n\u00e9o-conservateurs r\u00e9publicains en \u00e9change de leur vote contre sa mise en accusation), mais cela ne l&rsquo;aidera sans doute pas. Le JCPOA \u00e9tait d&rsquo;une certaine mani\u00e8re une possible porte de sortie du conflit (l&rsquo;Iran a soulign\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises qu&rsquo;il s&rsquo;agissait de la seule architecture de d\u00e9sescalade). Apr\u00e8s l&rsquo;assassinat de Soleimani, il est peu probable que l&rsquo;Iran veuille parler \u00e0 Trump. Il n&rsquo;y a tout simplement plus aucune confiance. Et les Europ\u00e9ens viennent de se disqualifier en tant qu&rsquo;interlocuteurs valables.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&raquo; <em>L&rsquo;ultimatum binaire du \u00ab\u00a0tout ou rien\u00a0\u00bb mis en place par les Euro3 est un cadeau aux n\u00e9o-conservateurs am\u00e9ricains et \u00e0 leurs alli\u00e9s \u00e9vang\u00e9listes, plus qu&rsquo;il ne repr\u00e9sente aucune aide pour Trump. En outre, il pourrait m\u00eame d\u00e9clencher un int\u00e9r\u00eat commun entre les s\u00e9nateurs de tendance \u00e9vang\u00e9liste et le complexe militaro-s\u00e9curitaire li\u00e9 aux d\u00e9mocrates pour voter en faveur de la destitution de Trump, &ndash; et ainsi faire entrer \u00e0 la Maison-Blanche un Mike Pence de tendance fortement \u00e9vang\u00e9liste, lui.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&raquo; <em>Les lignes de prospective ne sont donc pas de bon augure. Les pressions am\u00e9ricaines vont s&rsquo;intensifier &#8211; conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 l&rsquo;ultimatum binaire du \u00ab\u00a0tout ou rien\u00a0\u00bb et l&rsquo;Iran va alors r\u00e9pondre par la n\u00e9gative par un enrichissement croissant et des actes de dissuasion <\/em>[de guerre asym\u00e9trique]<em>. L&rsquo;accalmie actuelle des tensions devrait \u00eatre de courte dur\u00e9e<\/em>. &raquo;<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3 class=\"subtitleset_c.deepgreen\" style=\"color:#75714d; font-size:1.25em\">\u00ab\u00a0Concurrence\u00a0\u00bb des conflits<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>Notre appr\u00e9ciation g\u00e9n\u00e9rale du \u00ab\u00a0conflit\u00a0\u00bb entre les USA et l&rsquo;Iran, avec le potentiel de devenir un v\u00e9ritable conflit arm\u00e9, a \u00e9t\u00e9 depuis longtemps qu&rsquo;un tel \u00e9v\u00e9nement pourrait conduire \u00e0 l&rsquo;effondrement du pouvoir du syst\u00e8me de l&rsquo;am\u00e9ricanisme. Une r\u00e9f\u00e9rence constante est faite, dans nos divers articles o&ugrave; le sujet est abord\u00e9, notamment \u00e0 cette d\u00e9claration datant  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dedefensa.org\/article\/voici-les-neo-secessionnistes\">d&rsquo;avril 2010<\/a>, du dirigeant des n\u00e9o-s\u00e9cessionnistes du Vermont, Thomas Naylor ; la plus r\u00e9cente utilisation que nous en faisons est celle du  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dedefensa.org\/article\/au-risque-de-se-perdre\">4 janvier 2020<\/a> :<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>&laquo; <em>Enfin vient la citation, car Naylor comprend bien que la \u00ab\u00a0dissolution pacifique de l&#8217;empire\u00a0\u00bb est loin, tr\u00e8s loin d&rsquo;\u00eatre acquise. Il \u00e9voque alors \u00ab\u00a0l&rsquo;effondrement de l&#8217;empire\u00a0\u00bb :\u00a0\u00bbIl y a trois ou quatre sc\u00e9narios possibles de l&rsquo;effondrement de l&#8217;empire. Une possibilit\u00e9 est une guerre contre l&rsquo;Iran&#8230;\u00a0\u00bb <\/em>&raquo;<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>Ce qui est int\u00e9ressant dans la th\u00e8se du professeur Vlahos cit\u00e9 par Crooke, c&rsquo;est cette id\u00e9e, que nous avons souvent mise en \u00e9vidence, de l&rsquo;affrontement de deux forces du pouvoir am\u00e9ricaniste (en gros dans notre cas, Trump <em>vs DeepState<\/em>) alors que, finalement, au travers d&rsquo;un imbroglio de man&oelig;uvres, elles recommandent la m\u00eame politique expansionniste. Et ces deux forces se rencontrent sur la question de l&rsquo;hostilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;Iran, tout en s&rsquo;affrontant f\u00e9rocement, \u00ab\u00a0jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 la mort\u00a0\u00bb, \u00e0 Washington D.C. transform\u00e9 en \u00ab\u00a0D.C.-la-folle\u00a0\u00bb. Cette fa\u00e7on de poursuivre une politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re qui est en fait une sorte de symbole brutal de la volont\u00e9 d&rsquo;h\u00e9g\u00e9monie du pseudo-empire, alors que l&rsquo;affrontement v\u00e9ritablement mortel se fait \u00e0 Washington, entre les deux concurrents, constitue effectivement un \u00e9norme paradoxe et, surtout, un risque mortel d&rsquo;effondrement du pouvoir au travers de cette \u00ab\u00a0guerre civile des \u00e9lites\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>Bien entendu, il doit \u00eatre tenu le plus grand compte de l&rsquo;esp\u00e8ce de \u00ab\u00a0concurrence\u00a0\u00bb entre les deux \u00ab\u00a0conflits\u00a0\u00bb, &ndash; celui, bureaucratique et politicien, de Washington, et celui, expansionniste et symbolique, avec l&rsquo;Iran, &ndash; et tenir tr\u00e8s grand compte \u00e9galement des interf\u00e9rences du premier sur le second. Le  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dedefensa.org\/article\/le-brouillard-de-la-guerre-folle-enveloppe-washington\">plus r\u00e9cent exemple<\/a> est celui du Congr\u00e8s, essentiellement de la Chambre, o&ugrave; des repr\u00e9sentants du <em>DeepState <\/em>sont tr\u00e8s actifs et s&rsquo;allient dans un paradoxe-bouffon aux adversaires \u00ab\u00a0progressistes-soci\u00e9taux \u00a0\u00bb de Trump, tentant de r\u00e9duire les pouvoirs du pr\u00e9sident en demandant que toute action de guerre contre l&rsquo;Iran soit soumise \u00e0 l&rsquo;accord du Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><p>Il est \u00e9galement \u00e9vident, comme nous le r\u00e9p\u00e9tons \u00e9galement \u00e0 chaque occasion, que cette \u00ab\u00a0concurrence\u00a0\u00bb doit jouer et joue un r\u00f4le essentiel dans l&rsquo;application op\u00e9rationnelle de la politique anti-iranienne. La question centrale porte alors sur une deuxi\u00e8me \u00ab\u00a0concurrence\u00a0\u00bb : \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la \u00ab\u00a0concurrence\u00a0\u00bb des deux groupes d\u00e9veloppant la m\u00eame politique en cherchant \u00e0 se d\u00e9truire l&rsquo;un l&rsquo;autre, la \u00ab\u00a0concurrence\u00a0\u00bb chronologique entre les deux \u00e9v\u00e9nements que sont la guerre contre l&rsquo;Iran d&rsquo;une part et d&rsquo;autre part l&rsquo;affrontement mortel entre les deux groupes du pouvoir de l&rsquo;am\u00e9ricanisme qui doit conduire \u00e0 l&rsquo;effondrement de ce pouvoir.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>Quel sera le premier \u00e9v\u00e9nement selon l&rsquo;ordre chronologique : l&rsquo;impuissance et l&rsquo;effondrement du pouvoir \u00e0 Washington \u00e0 cause de la guerre de Washington contre Washington, des deux groupes ennemis, avant la possibilit\u00e9 d&rsquo;un affrontement avec l&rsquo;Iran ? La guerre contre l&rsquo;Iran avec les interf\u00e9rences sur et de la \u00ab\u00a0guerre de Washington contre Washington\u00a0\u00bb, cette s\u00e9quence conduisant de toutes les fa\u00e7ons \u00e0 l&rsquo;effondrement de pouvoir am\u00e9ricaniste ? Nous ne voyons que ces deux options (sans conjecturer sur les cons\u00e9quences diverses ou indirectes) parce que le Syst\u00e8me est en mode de surpuissance absolu et, par cons\u00e9quent, en s\u00e9quence d&rsquo;autodestruction totale.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><p>En effet, il s&rsquo;agit bien et plus que jamais du Syst\u00e8me au-dessus de tout cela, et la description que fait Vlahos aussi bien que Crooke de \u00ab\u00a0l&rsquo;&Eacute;tat\u00a0\u00bb prolif\u00e9rant en une \u00ab\u00a0sous-culture\u00a0\u00bb, &laquo; <em>ou plut\u00f4t une constellation de sous-cultures \u00e9tatiques, militaires et bureaucratiques<\/em> &raquo;, renvoie \u00e0 un mod\u00e8le d&rsquo;entit\u00e9 qui est lui-m\u00eame directement h\u00e9rit\u00e9 du Syst\u00e8me pour former un cadre extr\u00eamement puissant (surpuissance) propice aux affrontements haineux et mortels de factions concurrentes (autodestruction). L&rsquo;expression de \u00ab\u00a0<em>system leader<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb employ\u00e9e par Vlahos pourrait aussi bien d\u00e9crire, selon nous, les USA comme principale courroie de transmission du Syst\u00e8me dans les affaires du monde.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>Le titre complet de l&rsquo;article d&rsquo;Alastair Crooke repris ci-dessous dans son enti\u00e8ret\u00e9 du site <em>Strategic-Culture.org <\/em>du <a href=\"https:\/\/www.strategic-culture.org\/news\/2020\/01\/27\/iran-becomes-the-prize-to-americas-warring-parties-rites-of-war\/\">27 janvier 2020<\/a> est &laquo; <em>Iran Becomes the Prize to America&rsquo;s Warring Parties&rsquo; Rites of War <\/em>&raquo;. L&rsquo;expression \u00ab\u00a0<em>Rites of War<\/em>\u00ab\u00a0, reprise de Michal S. Lind, renvoie \u00e0 une puissante culture du symbolisme, voire de la magie, dans tous les cas une culture dans un cadre plus m\u00e9tahistorique qu&rsquo;historique, qui est l&rsquo;approche commune de la politique et de la strat\u00e9gie des deux auteurs (Vlahos et Crooke), essentiellement lorsqu&rsquo;il s&rsquo;agit des USA. Le livre de Vlahos (<em>Fighting Identity<\/em>) est d\u00e9j\u00e0 ancien (2009) mais il est visionnaire de la situation interne pr\u00e9sente, essentiellement parce que ses r\u00e9f\u00e9rences n&rsquo;ont rien \u00e0 voir avec les pratiques rationnelles du domaine. Lind, lui-m\u00eame esprit original, d\u00e9finissait ainsi en  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.deepl.com\/translator#en\/fr\/%20Fighting%20Identity%20is%20not%20a%20typical%20book%20on%20U.S.%20strategy.%20It%20is%20unconventional%20no%20less%20in%20its%20literary%20style%20than%20in%20its%20historical%20sweep.%20It%20is%20as%20though%20George%20Kennan%E2%80%99s%20%E2%80%9CLong%20Telegram%E2%80%9D%20had%20been%20rewritten%20by%20Arnold%20Toynbee%20in%20the%20manner%20of%20Thomas%20Carlyle.\">avril 2009<\/a>  dans un article justement titr\u00e9<em>The Rites of War <\/em>le livre de Vlahos : &laquo; <em>&lsquo;Fighting Identity&rsquo; n&rsquo;est pas un livre typique sur la strat\u00e9gie am\u00e9ricaine. Il n&rsquo;est pas moins non-conformiste dans son style litt\u00e9raire que dans sa port\u00e9e historique. C&rsquo;est comme si le &lsquo;Long t\u00e9l\u00e9gramme&rsquo;<\/em>[en 1947, pour d\u00e9crire l&rsquo;URSS de Staline] <em>de George Kennan avait \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9\u00e9crit par Arnold Toynbee \u00e0 la mani\u00e8re de Thomas Carlyle<\/em>. &raquo;  <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4><em>dedefensa.org<\/em><\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><p><em>_________________________<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h2 class=\"titleset_b.deepgreen\" style=\"color:#75714d; font-size:1.65em; font-variant:small-caps\">The Prize to America&rsquo;s Warring Parties&rsquo; Rites of War<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>They &ndash; the Euro 3 &ndash; are taking Iran to the JCPOA Disputes Resolution Mechanism at the UN, insisting Iran to be in non-compliance with its obligations under the JCPOA.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>Iran has partially de-complied, it&rsquo;s true. But a reduction in a signatory&rsquo;s obligation was foreseen when the JCPOA was drafted. Because of the lack of trust between parties, a clause in JCPOA affirms that, were one party to default in its obligations, the other party is permitted concomitantly to draw-back on its compliance also. Plainly, the U.S. is not fulfilling its obligations &ndash; it unilaterally withdrew from them, and others would argue that the EU guarantor is in non-compliance as well.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>Those arguments may be valid &ndash; but are largely irrelevant. Disputes &ndash; such as the EU3 claim that Iran is in breach of its obligations &ndash; are supposed to be ironed out within the disputes mechanism. A period of 30 days (perhaps extending to 65 days) is allowed for the parties to find some resolution. If unresolved, the dispute then goes to the Security Council.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>And here is the rub &ndash; a major one: if Iran is held to be &lsquo;non-compliant&rsquo;, all the pre-JCPOA UN sanctions &lsquo;snap back&rsquo;. The only exception would be unless EVERY country on the Council votes to keep the UN sanctions suspended. Saving that improbable event, the gamut of sanctions &lsquo;snap back&rsquo; automatically. This &lsquo;snap back&rsquo; mechanism was heavily touted by Obama as his negotiating big achievement &ndash; to calm the critics of the deal.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>Well, let&rsquo;s be realistic: There may well be some juridical discussion at the &lsquo;mechanism&rsquo; about whether it was the U.S.&rsquo; withdrawal that made Iranian non-compliance inevitable &ndash; and justifiable &ndash; but that doesn&rsquo;t matter &lsquo;tuppence&rsquo;. Trump severely twisted the EU3&rsquo;s arms to make them launch the formal dispute complaint, precisely <u>not<\/u> to have the matter resolved, but to have it taken to the UNSC, where it is guaranteed that the U.S. will not vote to have &lsquo;snap back&rsquo; suspended.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>So yes, by the Europeans taking their complaint to the Security Council, &lsquo;snap back&rsquo; becomes inevitable. And that will be &lsquo;it&rsquo;, as far as Iran and the JCPOA is concerned. They will be &lsquo;out&rsquo;.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>However, the snap back of sanctions is NOT the point. Iran is now under harsher U.S. sanctions than prior to the &lsquo;deal&rsquo;. For Iran, the JCPOA will be over, and Iran will revert to its former policy of enrichment (with, or without, the IAEA supervision). A nuclear programme however is one important point of political leverage &ndash; as Kim Jong Un keeps demonstrating. But that is NOT the point, either.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>Iran hawks in the U.S. and Israel will be happy. They will &ndash; in their view &ndash; have succeeded in returning the Iran &lsquo;nuclear issue&rsquo; back to a binary choice: Either (per U.S. Envoy, Brian Hook), Iran accepts that it will NOT be allowed to enrich uranium, \u00ab\u00a0period\u00a0\u00bb; accepts a legal &lsquo;treaty&rsquo;; agrees to give up its missiles; dismantles its &lsquo;proxies&rsquo; and halts its regional aggression &ndash; or it will face military action.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>Boris Johnson&rsquo;s justification for taking Iranian supposed non-compliance to the UNSC, in order to open the way for Trump to negotiate a new deal, clearly is jejeune &ndash; and probably uttered by him, as nothing more than a means by which to flatter Trump.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>Maybe the Euro calculus is that, with Trump&rsquo;s maximum-pressure unlikely to result in Iran&rsquo;s economic implosion, the Europeans assess that Iran will go on quietly surviving, with help from Russia, China, Turkey &ndash; and maybe a little from India.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>And moreover, Iran has proven with Ein al-Assad its ability to strike effectively &ndash; and painfully &ndash; at U.S. bases across the region. All are vulnerable. The sophistication of the Iranian strike, and Iran&rsquo;s electronic capabilities, will have taken Washington, at least a bit, by surprise.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>The Pentagon, too, will have become acutely aware that Iran had mobilised for all-out, asymmetric war, with the U.S. and its regional allies, at the moment of the Ein Al-Assad strike. The U.S., of course, has its war machine. But an attack on Iran would not be of the &lsquo;once-and-done&rsquo; genre that some U.S. advocates say should be mounted against Iran&rsquo;s nuclear infrastructure. Iran would immediately retaliate across a spectrum of U.S. (and Israeli) targets. It would be costly, and its effects unforeseeable.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>Maybe Europeans detect that this new &lsquo;strategic paradigm&rsquo; is sedimenting into Washington thinking, together with the realization that Iraq is serious about U.S. forces leaving the country &ndash; and that Turkey seems to be removing itself evermore, from Washington&rsquo;s orbit. Or, in other words, that Iran has demonstrated unsuspected capabilities, just as America&rsquo;s foothold in region becomes more tenuous.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>Gulf States, certainly, have internalised Iran&rsquo;s signalling at Ein Al-Assad and Kirkuk, and are  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/01\/gulf-states-iran-us-maximum-pressure-gcc-qatar-saudi-uae.html\" target=\"_blank\">hedging their former unqualified dependency<\/a>  on the U.S. with other regional powers, such as Russia, and through opening a multitude of channels to Iran. They are, in short, deliberately mounting a Potemkin village fa\u00e7ade of sanguinity in wake of the near-war atmosphere that prevailed following Soleimani&rsquo;s assassination &ndash; in order to prevent business being scared away from the Gulf.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>All of the above might suggest to the Euro3 that America&rsquo;s military options vis-\u00e0-vis Iran are limited, which is to say that Iranian deterrence is real, and that Iran will manage to struggle along economically, with help from its friends. And if Iran lies low until after the November U.S. elections, Trump &ndash; if re-elected &ndash; might see that his Iran policy is not working, and change course. That is possible, of course.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>If such is the rationale, indicting Iran as &lsquo;non-compliant&rsquo; before the UNSC may be judged by the EU as really no &lsquo;big deal&rsquo;, especially as Middle East tensions lately have subsided.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>Professor Mike Vlahos however, articulates another perspective that the Europeans seem to have overlooked. In his book, Fighting Identity, Vlahos goes beyond the usual trite parallels to argue that the U.S. is not an ordinary nation-state but  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theamericanconservative.com\/articles\/the-rites-of-war\/\" target=\"_blank\">a \u00ab\u00a0system leader\u00a0\u00bb<\/a>, a civilizational power like Rome, Byzantium, and the Ottoman Empire. The system leader is \u00ab\u00a0a universalistic identity framework tied to a state. This vantage is helpful because the United States clearly owns this identity framework today\u00a0\u00bb.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>Vlahos&rsquo; second point is that the U.S. success versus the USSR gave rise to hubris: leading to American leaders \u00ab\u00a0inhabiting a worldview of iron conservatism\u00a0\u00bb. After all, (as they saw it), they are defending not &lsquo;the nation&rsquo; per se, but rather its global vision, and rules-based global order. Concomitantly, as the civil public eased themselves into the comfort of the New American Century, and the military ethos waned amongst the public, the military-security complex reacted by becoming correspondingly certain that it must assume the security burden of defending the U.S. vision that had prevailed in the Cold War. Hence &lsquo;the state&rsquo; effectively grew and separated to become its own subculture, or rather, a constellation of state subcultures, military and bureaucratic (i.e. the Deep State) that sees its mission to act as the &lsquo;iron&rsquo; guardian to this universalist vision &ndash; even (though Vlahos does not make the connection explicit) to guard the state against &lsquo;populist&rsquo; leaders such as Trump, who would betray the guardianship or covenant for some mercantilist vision that actually damages it (in their view).<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>The point here is that as the old order is  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theamericanconservative.com\/articles\/civil-war-begins-when-the-constitutional-order-breaks-down\/\" target=\"_blank\">contested and broken apart<\/a>, both by Trump and &lsquo;the Resistance&rsquo; (i.e. those who see themselves as guardians of the old order), \u00ab\u00a0the warring sides have hardened their hearts so that they will do almost anything in order to prevail. The great irony is that [in] their mutual drive to win &hellip; [the warring sides] refuse to work together in the rusting carapace of old constitutional order. Yet nonetheless, they work shoulder-to-shoulder, together, to overthrow it. For both sides, the old order is the major obstacle to victory. Hence victory is through overthrow\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>What may be missing from the Euro3 assessment of the situation then, is how hugely symbolically important it is to both these warring U.S. factions, that Islamic Iran be brought kneeling in contrition and repentance for its Revolution. For the U.S. military-security establishment, it would represent another signal victory for American hegemony &ndash; in symbolic terms, as important a civilisational victory as that against &lsquo;Marxism&rsquo;. For Trump, nothing can better demonstrate to Americans that his high-stakes negotiating ploys are strategic, the risks are measured, and the payoff will be a neutralized Iran (without nuclear capability).<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>The Euro3 may think that all they did, in effect, was to put <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/europe-to-avoid-triggering-sanctions-if-iran-limits-expansion-of-nuclear-work-11579797991?mod=hp_lista_pos1\" target=\"_blank\">additional pressure<\/a>  on Iran to strike an agreement with Trump. This sounds oh-so rational, and common-sensical. But the U.S. is not engaged in the kind of think-tank strategic analysis outlined above. It is playing to win its internal, dirty civil war &ndash; by any means. The military-security establishment wants Mid-East energy dominance; it will  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.counterpunch.org\/2020\/01\/06\/america-escalates-its-democratic-oil-war-in-the-near-east\/\" target=\"_blank\">not tolerate<\/a> any threat to its dollarised financial weaponry advantage that a Russian-led mini Belt and Road might imply &ndash; and it will not allow Israel to fold.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>And the Euro3, in sending the JCPOA framework to the scrapheap , inevitably return us to that binary narrative of &lsquo;Iran can never be allowed to have a nuclear weapon: Either Iranians must renounce enrichment entirely, or face the consequences&rsquo;. Trump may have asked for this action from the Euro3 (or, he may have had demanded it of him by Republican neo-cons in return for their vote against his impeachment), but it may not in fact help him. The JCPOA was &ndash; somehow &ndash; a possible &lsquo;off-ramp&rsquo; to conflict (Iran has stressed repeatedly, that it was the only architecture for de-escalation). But now, after the killing of Soleimani, Iran is unlikely to want to talk with Trump. There is simply no trust. And the Europeans have just disqualified themselves as  <em>interlocuteurs valables.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>The binary &lsquo;either\/or&rsquo; ultimatum being set up by the Euro3 is a gift to the U.S. neo-cons and their evangelical allies, more than it represents an aid for Trump. Furthermore, it could even trigger a common interest between Evangelical and military-security complex linked Senators with Democrats to vote for Trump&rsquo;s impeachment &ndash; and thereby bring the Evangelical Pence into office.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>The trend lines thus do not augur well. U.S. pressures will escalate &ndash; in line with the binary &lsquo;either\/or&rsquo; ultimatum, and Iran will then push back through increasing enrichment and acts of deterrence. The present lull in tensions may be short-lived.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4>Alastair Crooke<\/h4><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L&rsquo;Iran, enjeu de la \u00ab\u00a0guerre civile\u00a0\u00bb US Notre ami Alastair Crooke publie un article d&rsquo;analyse de la situation actuelle entre les USA et l&rsquo;Iran, en donnant toute sa place et m\u00eame la place centrale \u00e0 la \u00ab\u00a0guerre civile froide\u00a0\u00bb (\u00e0 peine \u00ab\u00a0froide\u00a0\u00bb, en train de \u00ab\u00a0chauffer\u00a0\u00bb) \u00e0 Washington D.C., &ndash; ce que nous traduisons fr\u00e9quemment&hellip;&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[2664,2665,7153,19660,13516,10402,1012,4357,3812,3478,3866,5646,3973,3569,2639,9659],"class_list":["post-79078","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ouverture-libre","tag-alastair","tag-crooke","tag-deep","tag-euro3","tag-jcpoa","tag-leader","tag-lind","tag-michael","tag-mike","tag-onu","tag-s","tag-sanctions","tag-state","tag-system","tag-trump","tag-vlahos"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/79078","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=79078"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/79078\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=79078"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=79078"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.dedefensa.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=79078"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}